Features of densitometric assessment of bone tissue parameters in the verification of osteoporotic changes in young men with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Factors such as genetic predisposition, lack of sex hormones, low physical activity, and smoking affect the development of osteoporosis in men. Moreover, in young men with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LH), osteoporosis results from a complex interaction of various factors, including the influence of tumor cells, pathogenetic therapy, and a decrease in androgen concentration, which together leads to a change in bone composition and decrease in bone mineral density (BMD).

AIM: To determine the parameters of BMD in young men with LH and assess the risks of osteoporosis associated with pathogenetic therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 26 men: 14 were diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and 12 were healthy males (control group). The patients underwent two absorption X-ray scans of bone tissue in the lumbar spine and femur. The following parameters were identified and studied: MPC, Z-criterion, and T-criterion.

RESULTS: BMD analysis showed a significant decrease in this indicator in the upper part of the femur and lumbar spine in patients with LH. Additionally, a decrease in the level of osteopenia or osteoporosis in the lumbar spine was observed in patients with LH. Furthermore, a decrease in the T-criterion level to osteopenia or osteoporosis was noted in the proximal part and neck of the femur in individuals with LH.

CONCLUSION: In young men who have undergone pathogenetic treatment of LH (e.g., cytostatics and glucocorticoids), a significant increase was found in the risk of osteoporosis and related complications. Densitometric examination showed a decrease in BMD and significant changes in the Z-criterion and T-criterion, indicating the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis in the proximal femur and femoral neck. The results demonstrate a high risk of fractures in these areas, which underscores the need for preventive measures.

Keywords

Hodgkin’s lymphoma / osteoporosis / young age / bone mineral density / densitometry

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