Early detection of the risk of cognitive disorders

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cognitive disorders are a relevant problem in an aging population. Research shows a wide range of data on the prevalence of cognitive disorders in the general population. Thus, more studies on the prevalence of cognitive disorders and assessment of the risks of their development are necessary, which will determine the burden on the regional healthcare system.

AIM: To examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in an outpatient multidisciplinary clinic setting and determine the risk ratios for cognitive deficits in different age groups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale was used in the screening of people aged 45–90 years.

RESULTS: Cognitive dysfunction was noted in 20.0% of patients in the group aged 45–59 years, 33.1% in the group aged 60–74 years, and 79.6% in the group aged 75–90 years. The average results on the assessment of cognitive functions of persons aged 45–59 (27.1±0.3) and 60–74 (26.2±0.2) years corresponded to the norm, and the value in persons aged 75–90 (23.6±0.3) years was below the norm. In groups aged 60–74 and 75–90 years, the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was comparable between men and women. Cognitive impairments in men aged 45–59 years were recorded 2.5 times more often than that in women. The risk of cognitive disorders in the second group (aged 60–74 years) relative to that in the first group (aged 45–59 years) is insignificant (relative risk [RR], 1.21). In the third group (aged 75–90 years), the probability of cognitive disorders is significantly higher than that in the second group (RR=2.40) and nearly five times higher than that in the first group (RR=4.86).

CONCLUSION: Sex- and age-stratified screening indicators for assessing cognitive functions and the RRs of developing cognitive disorders in older age groups make it possible to plan for diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures in mental health.

Keywords

cognitive dysfunction / screening of cognitive assessment / Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale

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