Parkinson’s disease: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Abstract

This review presents data on the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and from monographs and textbooks. The prevalence, classification, genetic variability, main pathogenetic links, and potential disease development mechanisms are described. Both classic Parkinson’s disease and variable manifestations of parkinsonism are considered. The factors that contribute to disease progression and inhibit its development are described. The main hypotheses of the pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease are presented. These are protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein purification systems, neuroinflammation, and pathology of the gut-brain axis.

Keywords

Parkinson’s disease / drug-induced parkinsonism / Lewy bodies / neuroinflammation / neurodegeneration

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