From February 25 to March 6, 1986, the XXVII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held in Moscow. The days of the Congress were special in the life of the Soviet country, the Leninist Party, and every communist and non-party worker: they summed up the results of the way covered, evaluated what had been achieved, and outlined the prospects for further development. The congress was an event of great historical significance for our comrades abroad and for all progressive mankind.

The urgency of this problem is extremely high and is caused by the variety and strength of the negative influence of alcohol consumption both on the destinies of individuals and on the development of our society as a whole, which is confirmed by the results of scientific research. For example, it has been established that the mortality rate among alcoholics is 2-4 times higher than among the general population. Up to 50% of fatal traffic accidents are caused by alcoholic beverages. The morbidity rate among men who abuse alcohol is 1.5 times higher than among the entire male population.

The high prevalence of dental caries in children worries not only pediatric dentists, but also specialists of other profiles. Particularly noteworthy is the development of dental caries in children under two years of age. Prevalence of dental caries in children aged 3 years reaches 21%, 4 - 51%, 5 - 71%.

Soviet cardiac surgeons have accumulated considerable experience in valve replacement for acquired heart defects. Such surgeries are successfully used for insufficiency and stenosis of mitral and aortic valves. One of the severe complications arising in the postoperative period is bacterial endocarditis of artificial valves, which occurs in 2-13% of patients with implanted valves.

The treatment of patients with systemic scleroderma is still a challenging task for internal medicine clinics. This paper presents the results of the therapeutic efficacy of diucciphone in such patients at different periods of observation. Diucciphone (2,4 dioxo-6-methylpyrimidinyl-5-sulfonoamido)-diphenylsulfone is an antileprosy drug synthesized at the A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, KFAN of the USSR.

Chronic lymphatic leukemia is second only to acute leukemia in the frequency of infectious complications. In most cases, severe infectious complications are the cause of death in these patients. Modern chemotherapy makes it possible to preserve the ability to work and the life expectancy of patients for a long time. However, the negative effect of cytostatic drugs on the already altered immune system leads to an even greater suppression of immunity and an increase in the number of infectious complications. The search for new ways to combat infections has shown the advisability of long-term outpatient treatment with antibacterial drugs.

One of the frequent and usually fatal complications of intestinal resection is suture inconsistency, which is observed with varying frequency in different techniques of interintestinal anastomoses formation. Although there have been speculations about the role of circulatory disorders in the origin of suture inconsistency, we have not found any evidence in the literature.

We analyzed long-term outcomes of the treatment of 217 patients (men - 126, women - 91), who underwent radical operations for stomach cancer in the period of 1972 till 1976. 14 patients were under 39, 52 - from 40 to 49, 50 to 59 - 52, 60 to 69 - 80, over 70 years old - 19. The youngest patient was 28 years old and the oldest - 76 years old. Most patients (185) were operated on at stage III of the disease, stage II was diagnosed in 27 patients, and stage IV - in 5 patients.

The purpose of this work was to study carbohydrate metabolism in children and adolescents of pubertal age suffering from autonomic disorders.

Pierre Robin syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital facial malformations: microretrognathia, cleft soft or hard palate, microglossia, glossoptosis. In severe cases after birth, there is a threat of asphyxia of the newborn. The phenomena of glossoptosis usually diminish by 4 weeks of age.

Intrauterine contraceptives most fully meet the requirements for contraceptives: convenient in use, available, effective, harmless. We have analyzed 5 thousand charts of the follow-up of the women using intrauterine contraceptives from 1 to 17 years. According to our data, their effectiveness was 97.1%, according to other authors from 91% to 99.4%.

We studied deep sensitivity in 89 patients with various lumbar osteochondrosis syndromes, including nonradicular ones, aged 20 to 56 years and in 26 healthy subjects aged 23 to 50 years. For quantitative assessment of deep sensitivity, we used the technique of studying the time of simple motor reaction (MR) to passive finger movement proposed by A.I. Yakovlev.

We examined 177 men aged 31 to 45 years with stage II chronic alcoholism. Of this number, 97 patients were treated for the first time; the rest had relapses in the past. Eight people had acute alcoholic psychosis.

We analyzed 17 risk factors for the prognosis of glaucoma progression in 42 eyes. Glaucoma stage I was detected in 15 eyes, II in 16 eyes, III in 11 eyes; IV (last) glaucoma stage was not considered, as further disease progression was impossible. The average age of the patients was 63.0 ±1.2 years. The follow-up period was from 6 months to 3 years.

Most of the symptoms of pheochromocytoma are due to the effects on organs and systems of excessive amounts of catecholamines, the main ones being adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. These hormones are synthesized in the brain, sympathetic nerve endings, ectopic cells of neural origin, but in the largest amounts in the chromaffin tissue of the adrenal medulla. In healthy individuals, 0.07 mg/kg body weight of adrenaline and 0.02 mg/kg body weight of noradrenaline are synthesized in the adrenal glands per minute.

A genetic variant of immunodeficiency with a large thymus is now known, but the proportion of primary immunodeficiencies is small. Such immunodeficiency variants determine the physician's tactics for correction of a specific immune defect, usually using replacement therapy (by bone marrow transplantation, thymus transplantation, or injection of its hormones).

Automated Diagnostic Systems (ADS) and corresponding centers are currently being established by a number of medical universities and research institutes. The task of an ASD center is to provide highly qualified advice on such issues as differential diagnosis of diseases, predicting their occurrence and course, and prescribing treatment. Computational diagnostic algorithms are the most important link in the ASD, since the efficiency of the entire system depends on their quality.

There are 840 children registered at the pediatric area, including 66 children under one year of age and 140 "unorganized" children. In the course of the clinical examination, the health status of children was studied according to the data of preventive examinations, as well as materials of the district therapist on the health status of the family.

We studied the process of vitamin B₁₂ absorption in 184 patients with various diseases of the digestive system. 57 patients suffered from chronic atrophic gastritis, 42 - cirrhosis of the liver, 28 - chronic hepatitis; 12 patients underwent small bowel resection (more than 1 m), 45 - gastric resections of various types. The control group consisted of <25 healthy individuals aged 22 to 47 years.

We conducted a continuous survey of 1134 schoolchildren in five villages of the Tatar ASSR. The following deviations in the state of their health were found: dental caries in 83.8 per 100 examinees; endemic enlargement of the thyroid gland in 54.0; endemic goiter in 2.9; posture disorders in 30.2; scoliosis in 12.1; residual effects of rickets in 11.5; somatic pathology in 25.9.

We studied the case histories of 190 patients who underwent concomitant operations on the abdominal cavity organs in 1974-1984 for absolute and relative (prophylactic, forced) indications.

To treat mild forms of late toxemia (pretoxemia and stage I nephropathy) in 97 pregnant women at 37-39 weeks, we used electroanalgesia. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and laboratory data. There were 60 first-pregnant women, 14 second-pregnant women, and 23 second-pregnant women. Pregnant women were distributed by age as follows: up to 20 years-17, 21-25 years-27, 26-30 years-20, 31-35 years-18, and over 35 years-15 women. There were 6 young first-born women and 15 first-born women of older age (after 30 years of age).

Among the complications associated with the presence of Meckel's diverticulum, its impingement in an inguinal hernia is rare. This circumstance and difficulty of diagnosis prompted us to share our observation.

To clarify the peculiarities of the course of labor, the postpartum period, and the condition of newborns, we analyzed 102 labor histories of women whose pregnancies were complicated by the threat of termination in different terms. Morphological examination of the placenta was performed concurrently in these women in labor. The age of the examined women ranged from 18 to 35 years.

For 10 years, we observed 280 children with nephrotic and mixed forms of glomerulonephritis treated in the uroonephrological department of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital of the BASSR Ministry of Health. Patients were prescribed prednisolone at a rate of 1.5-2 mg, rarely 2.5 mg per kg of weight per day for 3-4 weeks with gradual reduction of the dose by 5 mg every 5-7 days and transferring them further, to an intermittent course of treatment at a dose of 10-20 mg per day depending on age.

The present work was undertaken to obtain comprehensive information on arteriolovenular anastomoses in the embryonic stage of development. The study was performed on 240 cadavers of human embryos and fetuses from 6.5 weeks of intrauterine development to the neonatal period using conventional injectable and noninjectable angiological and histological methods.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of protein and albumin for the treatment of some forms of sexual disorders in men with predominant lesions of the neurohumoral component with delayed pubertal development, age involution, idiopathic forms, diencephalic impotence, lesions of the prostate-testicular complex.

We observed 72 people with vertebrogenic paresthetic meralgia. Thirty of them were diagnosed with osteochondrosis of the lower thoracic spine, 27 with upper lumbar spine, and 15 with lower lumbar spine. A permanent form of paresthetic meralgia was detected in 38 patients and transient paresthetic meralgia was detected in 34 patients.

We observed 222 workers, who were divided into 6 groups depending on duration of work with POPs: with work experience less than 1 year, 1-5-10-15-20 and more than 20 years. All workers of disinfection station were in the same working conditions. Daily contact with pesticides (DDVP, carbophos, trichloromethaphos-3, chlorophos) was within 4 hours.

We studied the effect of acute chlorophos poisoning on the state of the adenyl system, which is the final and main indicator of all bioenergetic processes.

We examined 150 healthy men aged 22 to 45 years with 3 to 10 years or more of work experience in this occupation.

The study of the actual nutrition of the population, its national traditions is the most important task of the science of nutrition. In the special literature, these issues are most often considered in relation to organized contingents of the population, while the actual nutrition of the unorganized population due to the complexity of organizational measures and expeditionary conditions of work still remains little researched.

In daily practice, any medical professional always examines the tongue, but it is difficult to obtain diagnostically significant information without a thorough, simultaneous examination of the oral cavity. In this regard, it is necessary to recall the generally accepted scheme of detailed examination of the oral cavity: lips, teeth and dentures are examined, including anomalies of dental development, caries, periodontal condition; gums; transitional fold; cheek mucosa; condition of hard and soft palate; tongue, sublingual area; pharynx. Lymph nodes are palpated - submandibular, deep cervical, parotid, occipital. The condition of salivary glands is examined.

The relevance of the issues of balneology is determined by the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions "On measures for further improvement of sanatorium treatment and recreation of workers and the development of a network of health resorts of trade unions". High true prevalence of diabetes mellitus (up to 2.5%-4%) dictates the necessity of involving medical service of sanatoriums and preventive clinics in solving the main task of practical diabetology - in discovering the diabetic patients in initial stages of disease, in organizing proper treatment and rehabilitation of patients, in preventing diabetes mellitus.

In socialism, medical ethics is qualitatively different in content than it is in capitalist society, since it is based not on bourgeois but on communist morality. At the same time, the scientific and technological revolution has had a certain influence on the field of moral relations in medicine, which has led to the transformation of the basic provisions of medical ethics - humanism, duty, honor, etc.

December 1985 was the 60th birthday and 36 years of medical, scientific, pedagogical and social activity of the RSFSR Honored Doctor, Honored Scientist of the Udmurt ASSR, Board Member of All-Union and All-Russian Scientific Societies of Cardiologists, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine № 1 of the Ustinov State Medical Institute decorated with the Order of Friendship of Peoples, Professor Lev Alexandrovich Leschinsky.

In February 1986, famous cardiologist, Head of Propaedeutics Department of Internal Diseases of Kazan Medical Institute named after S.V. Kurashov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Yakov Mikhaylovich Miloslavsky celebrated his 60th birthday and 38 years of his medical and scientific-pedagogical activity.

December 1985 marked the 60th anniversary of her birthday and the 38th anniversary of her work as Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Astrakhan Lunacharsky Medical Institute, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Irina Petrovna Garanina.