The modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis, the most common form of chronic nonspecific lung diseases, are presented. On the basis of long-term observations and generalization of the latest literature data, the features of the clinical course of this disease are characterized. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are described.

In 294 patients with circulatory insufficiency due to rheumatic heart defects and in 188 patients with respiratory failure resulting from chronic nonspecific lung diseases, a comparative study of ventilation, ventilation-perfusion relations, diffusion capacity of the lungs, blood gases and acid-base balance was carried out.

The results of the study of the biomechanics of respiration in chronic bronchitis by the method of general plethysmography are presented. Its data clearly show that violations of the biomechanics of respiration progress depending on the severity of respiratory failure. The method of general plethysmography is ahead of Votchal's test - Tiffno, pneumotachometry and forced vital capacity of the lungs in terms of the degree of increase in information content.

The data of long-term follow-up of 130 patients who suffered in childhood with protracted (32) and chronic (98) pneumonia are presented. When examined at the age of 14-30, 23 people were recognized as healthy, in 107 chronic nonspecific lung diseases were revealed, in the formation and course of which viral and bacterial pneumonia transferred in childhood, pathology of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother, tuberculous bronchoadenitis were important; smoking and unfavorable living conditions contributed to the development of severe forms of bronchitis.

In a comparative aspect, the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of sulfonamides (sulfadimezine and sulfamonomethoxin) were studied in their treatment of patients with chronic pneumonia with and without UV irradiation. It has been shown that the course use of sulfonamides with UV irradiation leads to an increase in the content of their total and free forms, their acetylation in the blood, and an increase in the total acetylating ability of the organism. The combined use of sulfonamides with UV irradiation is clinically more effective.

The pharmacodynamics of sulfalene was studied. When administered to patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases, 1 g on the first day and 0.2 g in the next 6 days, the drug circulates in the blood and is excreted in the urine throughout the entire course of treatment, after it continues to circulate in the blood for 6-9 days and is released with urine for 9-11 days. After a single dose of 2 g, it circulates in the blood for 6-7 days and is excreted in the urine for 6-9 days.

The data on changes in some parameters of central hemodynamics in 176 patients with chronic circulatory failure under the influence of treatment with strophanthin in combination with non-steroidal anabolizers: potassium orotate and methyluracil are presented.

Developed ECG standards in the Frankovsk system of corrected orthogonal leads in children 8-15 years of age. These standards can be used in the everyday practice of doctors in electrocardiographic offices and serve as a basis for establishing diagnostic criteria for various diseases and pathological conditions of the heart.

Examined 208 patients with "pure" or predominant mitral stenosis. The diagnosis was confirmed during surgical treatment, in 17 patients - on the section. The high sensitivity of corrected orthogonal leads in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy at various stages of mitral stenosis was shown. At stage II of mitral stenosis, changes in the QRS complex in orthogonal leads were detected in 60.4%, and in ordinary ones - in 34.8% of patients, in stage III - in 83.8% and 64.5%, respectively. In the IV stage of the disease, right ventricular hypertrophy along orthogonal leads was found in 68.5% of patients, and in normal ones - in 52.7%. In total, using orthogonal leads, right ventricular hypertrophy was determined in 73.1%, and according to 12 conventional leads - in 54.3% of patients.

Based on the analysis of radiologically detected changes in the vessels of the lungs in patients with mitral stenosis and pathomorphological data, two groups of patients were identified: with venous and with venous-arterial congestion. This division of patients makes it possible to get a more complete picture of the nature of the compensation of pulmonary circulation, to predict the degree of narrowing of the mitral opening, as well as some complications of the acute postoperative period.

Analysis of literature data and numerous observations served as the basis for considering aortic lipoidosis in children as a potential precursor of atherosclerosis. It was found that starting from the age of eight, lipoid spots acquire a localization characteristic of adults - the abdominal aorta. The exponential nature of the progression of lipoidosis with age was established. A morphometric study of histological preparations revealed lipoid spots with the initial phenomena of sclerotic changes.

In patients with extensor contracture of the knee joint, a longitudinal segmental rheovasogram of the thigh and a rheogram of the quadriceps muscle were recorded using needle electrodes, which were also used to determine the oxygen tension (pO2). A decrease in the value of the rheographic index during cutaneous rheography was found.

Morphometric study of human cardiac neurocytes in myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis made it possible to establish that myocardial infarction causes adaptive (hypertrophic) changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart, especially pronounced on the first day of the course of the infarction; with atherosclerosis, the changes are characterized by a direction towards atrophic processes.

By the method of FECG studies of the fetus in pregnant women with severe late toxicosis, chronic hypoxia of the fetal myocardium was found in 93.7% of cases. During childbirth during intensive therapy of severe late toxicosis, the fetal cardiac activity stabilized.

A non-instrumental method for determining the patency of the popliteal artery has been developed, the essence of which is to identify the symptom of visible oscillatory (pulsatory) movements - swaying of the foot transmitted from compressed arteries of the popliteal region at certain positions of the examined limb.

With the help of rheovasography, the condition of the lower extremities was investigated in persons who had suffered a severe injury of the ankle joint in the distant past. The use of dosed physical activity in these surveyed made it possible to reveal the nature of peripheral circulatory disorders. The great informative value of rheovasography data for the examination of the work capacity of patients with the consequences of musculoskeletal system trauma is emphasized.

The literature data on the participation of platelet phospholipids in the process of hemostasis are presented. The results of studies of the phospholipid composition of platelets in patients with chronic leukemia are presented. In platelets of patients, an increase in the amount of total lipids and sphingomyelin was noted, which, possibly, is associated with a decrease in coagulation and an increase in their anticoagulant activity.

A clinical analysis of therapeutic fasting in 81 patients with hypothalamic disorders is presented. A positive result was observed in 89% of patients. Fractional fasting is recognized as more effective and safer.

Based on the study of the literature and the analysis of 66 observations with clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological and X-ray studies, the features of the development, course and clinic of chronic spinal vascular insufficiency are described. The main data for the diagnosis of this disease are presented: the predominance of movement disorders in the clinical picture of the disease, the correspondence of the lesion to a specific arterial basin or critical areas of blood supply, a long course with exacerbations and stabilization of the process and regression of symptoms after targeted therapy.

The clinical picture of the lesion and the results of a morphological study of a patient with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine with compression of the spinal roots are described. Morphological changes of a degenerative-dystrophic nature were found not only in the formations located in the compression focus, but also in the peripheral neuromuscular apparatus, segmental and suprasegmental structures of the central nervous system.

84 patients with purulent wounds were treated with local application of oxygen under pressure using mobile portable pressure chambers. The study of the dynamics of pO2 in a purulent wound confirms the positive effect of this method of hyperbaric oxygenation on the local hypoxia of a purulent wound and on its healing.

In the treatment of 54 patients with severe inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region, the method of long-term catheterization of the external carotid artery through one of its branches was used to administer antibiotics and anticoagulants. The results obtained make it possible to recommend this technique for wide clinical use in the complex of intensive therapy for purulent processes of the face.

Based on the analysis of archival clinical material, data on the frequency and nature of rhinogenic complications are presented. The features of surgical treatment are described, the causes of deaths are considered.

Rational organizational measures and an improved technique of surgical intervention for cataracts are described, which contributed to an improvement in the quality indicators of cataract extraction outcomes and a decrease in the duration of postoperative hospital stay of patients to 5-6 days.

We studied the dynamics of inflammatory and sclerotic processes in the lungs in patients with chronic pneumonia. For this purpose, three parameters of collagen metabolism were investigated: total urine hydroxyproline, free blood serum hydroxyproline, and hydroxyproline associated with a collagen-like plasma protein. In addition, the content of haptaglobin (Hp), chlorine-soluble mucoprotein (CMP) and the amino acid spectrum of blood serum were determined.

Early diagnosis of pneumonia, adequate assessment of the patient's condition, timely hospitalization, intensive post-syndrome therapy are of great importance in the outcome of this disease in children.

The drug ektericide is a clear yellowish liquid with a slight specific odor - made from fish oil. It contains aldehydes, fatty acids and peroxides and has a pronounced antimicrobial effect, while it is low toxic, its local application does not cause irritation. Ectericide is recommended for use in purulent surgery and for sanitizing the nasopharynx of meningococcal carriers.

During 1965-1977. we conducted 1842 cytological studies in 332 patients with lung diseases (280 men and 52 women aged from about to 69 years). 5,117 of them had chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis. 117 had pneumonia and 103 had lung tumors.

The issues of rehabilitation of patients with rheumatism are currently becoming the leading ones in assessing the effectiveness of treatment, its clinical usefulness. Among the methods that improve the quality of the therapy and consolidate the achieved effect, staged treatment in a hospital and in a sanatorium has proven itself very positively. However, the criteria for such treatment are not always objective enough, which makes it difficult to judge the degree of rehabilitation of patients after hospitalization and after sanatorium treatment.

We undertook to study the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) absorption spectra of proteins extracted from the tissues of the heart muscle and aorta of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis, which was caused by various atherogenic substances.

Hereditary neutropenia is a rare childhood disorder. The characteristic signs of hereditary neutropenia are a tendency to pustular and septic diseases, as well as alveolar pyorrhea.

In order to clarify the significance of various methods for determining the state of the fetus during its hypoxia, we studied the content of placental lactogen (PLH) in the blood and amniotic fluid, the activity of histidase and urocaninase in them, and also studied the cardiac activity of the fetus using the oxytocin test in 109 pregnant women.

Currently, when carrying out surgical interventions for diseases of the brain, multicomponent anesthesia is used. A variety of it is a balanced anesthesia using diazepam (synonyms: seduxen, valium, relanium) — taralgesia.

Interest in the problem of the relationship between schizophrenia and atherosclerosis is explained by the fact that the general increase in the incidence of atherosclerosis extends to mental patients.

Myopia ranks first among the causes of decreased vision in school-age children. Among schoolchildren in Kazan, children suffering from myopia make up 7.5%.