The aim of this study was to investigate the motor function of the stomach in peptic ulcer disease according to the results of motor electrogastrography (EGG). We studied 85 patients: 14 with peptic ulcer and 71 with duodenal ulcer (age 28-40 years, duration of the disease from 4 to 18 years). All patients received fubromegan intramuscularly 1-2 ml of 2% solution 3-4 times a day for 24-30 days.

Despite advances in modern anaesthesiology, the management of anaesthesia in severe gastric cancer patients, as well as the correction of essential somatic functions during the anaesthetic and post-operative periods, are still difficult tasks.

A permanent reduction in gastric secretion can be achieved by removing the gastric mucosa, preserving the organ and its numerous and extremely important functions. Convinced that extensive resection of the mucosa leads to a persistent hypacidic state (follow-up time - more than 3 years), we were faced with the need to intervene in other layers of the gastric wall, as in the clinical conditions there may be indications for this (ulcer penetrating beyond the mucosa, extensive dense fusion of the stomach with the surrounding organs, etc.).

Taking into account that loss of digestive and reservoir functions of the stomach, forced discharge of insufficiently processed food from the stomach stump into the intestine are the main causes of postgastroresection disorders, one of us (V.A. Baulin), in experiment on 27 dogs, developed  a new modification of economy resection of the stomach according to Bilrott II with partial suturing of the adducting and abducting loop of anastomosis. 

We performed an anatomical and experimental study of the potential properties of the pancreatic bloodstream on 150 human fetuses (different developmental periods) and 90 cats, on which we also revealed the effect of organ denervation on the state of its parenchyma and intraorgan blood supply when extraorganic arterial or venous branches are ligated. Various methods of polychrome injection of blood vessels followed by luminescence of total preparations with glycerol as well as xylene or Spalteholz slices were used.

In recent years, surgical interventions on the pancreas have expanded to include the resection of different parts of the pancreas. If metabolic disorders (protein, carbohydrate, fat, water-salt) associated with pancreatic pathology have been studied to some extent, there is still much uncertainty in the issues of microelement exchange in pathological conditions and various surgical interventions on the pancreas.

The need for resection of the colon, including the ampullary portion of the rectum, is encountered in cancer, non-specific ulcerative colitis, polyposis, and Hirschsprung's disease. Connecting the remaining portions to the short perineal and ampullary portions of the rectum is the most important and technically demanding step of the operation.

Advances in urology are largely related to advances in anaesthesiology. Of great interest is the anaesthesiological support for operations for malignant bladder lesions. Bladder extirpation combined with bladder grafting from the intestinal tube and transplantation of the ureters into the graft place significant demands on the surgical and anaesthetic teams due to its duration, traumatic nature and labour-intensive nature.

Hirschsprung's disease is usually caused by a congenital absence or underdevelopment of the Auerbach plexus in the wall of a particular section of the colon, resulting in impaired innervation of the tissues of the organ. The smooth muscular tissue is the first and most severely affected; it gradually changes dystrophically without motor pulses so that the zone of intestine devoid of innervation does not peristalsis and does not push intestinal contents through its lumen. The overlying parts of the large intestine are exposed to increased functioning which leads to hypertrophy of the wall and dilatation of the intestinal lumen.

The issue of closed injuries of the spleen in children has not yet been sufficiently discussed in the literature. From 1950 to 1968, 70 children aged from 5 to 16 years were operated on in our hospital for closed injuries of the spleen, of which 45 (40 boys and 5 girls) had isolated ruptures.

Acute gastrointestinal diseases in infants, especially in the first year of life, are most commonly caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The clinical picture of coli infection is characterised by a polymorphism of symptoms; the course of the disease is both acute and prolonged. To elucidate causes of prolonged course of coli infection we used clinical observations, accompanied by repeated stool examination for pathogenic E. coli strains (026, 055, 0111, 145), by standard bacteriological and fluorescent serological methods, and statistical data. We considered as protracted forms of the disease cases in which children had liquid stools for more than 30 days from the beginning of the disease.

We analysed the medical records of 53 patients who had undergone magnetic diascleral surgery followed by removal of the eye and whose histological examination revealed retinal detachment. The patients were predominantly young men (20-40 years old). The vast majority of the patients were admitted to inpatient treatment early (1-3 days) after the injury.

In focal tuberculous lesions of the knee, epi-metaphyseal foci of the femur are the most difficult to access because they are often located in the posterior or posterolateral regions of the femur. We have not found any description of access to such foci in the literature. Our work is based on radiological examination and dissection of adult cadaveric knee joints after infusion of arterial vessels with contrast media.

Many hypotheses and theories have been proposed over the years to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of this severe complication of pregnancy. The immunological theory of late toxicosis in pregnant women was proposed a long time ago. Proponents of the allergic hypothesis were a number of domestic scientists (K. K. Skrobansky, K. P. Ulezko-Stroganova, A. I. Serebrov, M. A. Petrov-Maslakov) who, based on pathomorphological and experimental studies, created a coherent theory of late pregnancy toxicosis due to maternal sensitization by chorionic elements.

We studied changes in the clotting system in pregnant women with late toxicosis. The work was carried out at the Leningrad Dispensary for Pregnant Women. A total of 130 women, 85 first-born and 45 second-born, were under observation. A total of 113 women were terminated at term, 9 prematurely, 8 with a rescheduled pregnancy. Fifty-six pregnant women had a history of obstetric complications (abortions, miscarriages, haemorrhages in previous births).
We divided the observed women into 4 groups according to the severity of toxemia and analysed changes in the clotting system.

Ultraviolet irradiation in the last 1.5-2 months of pregnancy in women has become widely used in practice as one of the most effective means of specific prevention of rickets. It is known that under the influence of ultraviolet rays the 7-dehydrocholesterol present in the skin is converted into vitamin D3. In addition, ultraviolet rays have a stimulating effect on the body through the nerve endings of the skin and internal organs.

The aim of our work was to study the functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal system in patients with post-abortion sepsis. Thirty-eight patients were examined: 20 with postabortion septicemia, 9 with septic peritonitis and 9 with bacterial shock. All patients recovered in group 1, 2 died in group 2, and 3 died in group 3.

In our clinic over the last 17 years new variants of pharmacodynamic pain management in labour have been widely used. This takes into account not only the analgesic activity of these pharmacodynamic options, but also their labor-accelerating effect, mainly on the duration of the first period of labour. Moreover, we have seen that combinations of modern analgesics and antispasmodics, which have protective effects on uterine motility in labor, are also effective means of preventing a variety of disorders of uterine contractility, preventing uterine muscle fatigue and manifestations of uterine contractions discoordination.

Free autografting of a thin skin flap taken by a dermatome seemed promising to us. This was convinced by the successes of modern plastic surgery. In developing this method of forming an artificial vagina, we considered one of the main objectives to eliminate the shrinkage of the vaginal walls and narrowing of the vaginal lumen.

The issue of uterine sarcomas is poorly understood. This seems to be due to the relative rarity of the disease. In the Russian literature, uterine sarcoma was first described by N.F. Tolochinov in 1869. Then about 45 reports of single cases were published, and in 1949 A.S. Apetov cited 22 cases of sarcoma without indication of the histological structure of the tumour.

In the treatment of chronic pneumonia, antibiotics are at the top of the list. To date, observations have accumulated about the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy on the normal microflora of the human gut. We examined children with chronic pneumonia who were in a sanatorium. Bacteriological diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis was guided by the guidelines presented in the methodological materials of the Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.

We have made an attempt to detect pulmonary tuberculosis activity by means of a modified RPE (MROE) reaction delivered with tuberculin. The reaction is based on a modification of RPE proposed by A. M. Efman (1938, 1940, 1948). The reaction is based on a modification of the RPE method proposed by Efman (1938, 1940, 1948), the essence of which is to perform RPE after adding lysates of various organs to the blood sample.

Scar stenosis of the stomach as a consequence of chemical burns is uncommon in surgical practice. This is one of the reasons why there are unresolved and controversial questions about surgical tactics and technique.

We studied excretory function in 85 patients with diabetes mellitus: 27 with a mild form of the disease, 42 with a moderate and 16 with a severe form. The disease was first diagnosed in 22 people, in 14 patients it lasted up to a year, in 15 - up to 3 years, in 11 - up to 5 years, in 15 - up to 10 years, in 8 - over 10 years. There were 14 men and 71 women. There were 5 under 20 years old, 28 from 21 to 50 years old, 43 from 51 to 70 years old and 9 older.

We studied secretory and motor functions of the stomach in 84 patients with peptic ulcer disease (age, 19-50 years) before and after a course of ultrasound therapy in a complex of sanatorium treatment. The patients received diet no. 1, a circular shower every other day and ultrasound therapy.

Closed gallbladder injuries are attributed by some authors to previous gallbladder disease. One of our observations supports such a conclusion and describes the difficulty of establishing a correct diagnosis.

We studied 40 patients with acute purulent peritonitis (age, 1 to 82 years). Reasons of peritonitis development were the following diseases: acute appendicitis - in 24 patients, acute cholecystitis - in 3 patients, pinched hernia and adhesive intestinal obstruction - in 7, perforation of the stomach and duodenum - in 3, cancer of abdominal organs - in 2, thrombosis of small intestine mesentery vessels - in 1, abdominal trauma with intestine injury - in 3. All the patients underwent surgical intervention with the abdominal cavity lavage with furacilin solution and drainage. Total 44 operations were performed, 27 of which - under anesthesia by A.V. Vishnevsky, 12 - under ether-oxygen intubation anesthesia, 5 - under combined anesthesia.

At 2 o'clock on 21 /II 1970, a surgeon on duty was called to the infectious diseases ward to see a 7-year-old boy who had been admitted the previous day with a diagnosis of influenza, complaining of abdominal pain.

T., 51, was admitted to a surgical clinic for ulcerative stenosis of the pylorus.

Reconstructive plastic surgery of the urinary tract is one of the current problems of modern urology. We aimed to develop a more rational method of bladder plasty with a section of large intestine, and to study the onset of changes in the resected bladder and intestinal graft. In the search for optimal methods of surgical interventions on the bladder, we used the method of closing extensive bladder defects with a flattened demucosal segment of the colon on a vascular stalk.

We analyzed the study materials of 256 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws, 16 of whom had radio-osteomyelitis. In addition to chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaw, there are also osteomyelitis of the jaw, which is caused by the use of radiation energy to treat tumors of the maxillofacial region. Such lesions of the jaw are referred to as radiation osteomyelitis or radiosteomyelitis.

In recent years a number of tables for the Maclakov tonometer have been proposed by various authors in our country and abroad. The task before us was to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed tables and to select one of them for application in practice.

The available manuals on operative surgery provide accesses designed for intervention for diseases on one side only; there are no descriptions of single-stage surgical techniques for bilateral diseases. Ginzburg suggests a transverse incision on the anterior surface at the root of the scrotum in such cases.

We examined 24 prostate glands taken from cadavers and 14 prostatic adenomas removed during surgery. The extracts were prepared at the rate of 1 g per 9 ml of physiological solution. Their haemocoagulatory properties were studied by conventional methods.

Primary gallbladder cancer is quite rare. In vivo diagnosis is extremely difficult. According to our data 6 (0.03%) out of 20 087 cancer patients were diagnosed with gallbladder cancer during 16 years.