Dislocations of the clavicle are relatively common. According to Friedland, they account for about 1.5 - 2% of all dislocations, according to Sommer - 4.4%, Stimson - 6%; Tikhov and Speed indicate a larger percentage (8% - 9.4%). On the material of the Ukrainian Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Berkhin), out of 466 dislocations, there were 76 dislocations of the clavicle, which is 16.5%.

The general principles of halo and dentistry are well established. But the indications for the use of this or that method are not strictly delineated, and the choice of the method of operation in some cases may present certain difficulties. Therefore, the study of various methods of restoration of defects in the oral area is of great practical importance.

More than a hundred years have passed since Alban Smith first achieved successful results after surgery on the contents of the spinal canal for compression of the spinal cord as a result of a closed fracture. Despite considerable surgical experience and hundreds of observations, the problem of surgical treatment of spinal fractures complicated by nervous phenomena remains one of the controversial, topical and burning problems of neurosurgery today.

The formation of bone tissue in atrophied eyes, according to a number of authors (Strakhov, Orechkin, and others), refers to a rather rare phenomenon; only a few such cases are described in the literature. Prof. Averbach explains this only by the fact that not all enucleated atrophied eyes are subjected to postmortem examination, and their ossification is thus seen in a significant percentage of cases.

The problem of treating trachoma cannot be considered solved, and therefore there is a constant desire to find new ways to treat this disease and its complications. One of the relatively new methods is iontophoresis treatment of trachoma. This method of treatment consists in injecting drug ions through an electric current through intact tissues. The method being analyzed is based on electrolysis. When salts, acids or bases dissolve in distilled water, each molecule decomposes into ions, some of which are positively charged (cations), others are negatively (anions), and the weaker the solution, the more molecules decompose into ions, as they say, dissociates. When such a dissociated solution is included in the direct current circuit, the ions start to move, and the cations move to the negative pole, and the anions to the positive pole. This ability of the ion to move from the charged pole of the same name with it is used to introduce a medicinal substance into the body by means of an electric current. Ions of copper, zinc, atropine and other alkaloids and metals are introduced into the eye from the positive pole; ions of iodine, salicylic acid, i.e., halogens, acid radicals, are introduced into the eye from the negative pole. Korenevich, Ruata, Bonvech, Dolganov, Malkin, Kolenko, Erlanger, Korn and others point to good results of trachoma treatment with iontophoresis. These authors treated the trachomatous conjunctiva with iontophoresis of copper and zinc and obtained favorable results in terms of reducing the infiltration and resorption of follicles. Erlanger, recommending this method of treatment, writes that in the treatment of trachoma and. f. you need to be patient, you do not need to use large doses, the session should not last more than 2 minutes and the current strength should not exceed 2 MA, and, finally, you need to change medications. There are few observations on the treatment of ulcerative processes of the cornea in trachoma, but encouraging results have been obtained in these few works (Belsky, Erlanger). The question of the treatment of diseases of the cornea of ​​non-trachomatous origin by iontophoresis has been sufficiently highlighted in the literature from the positive side (Wirtz, Erlanger, Birkhaizer, Kryukman, Korotnev, Ptashnik, Luzhinsky, Ruatha, Bonvech, Dolganov, Dolgikh, Kolenko).

In forensic practice, there is often a need to study food products for the content of toxic impurities, in particular arsenic. Sometimes a laboratory receives several objects at once in the same case, and each of these objects must be investigated separately. Such work takes a lot of time and labor, and often as a result of research it turns out that there are no poisonous substances in the objects sent.

In a complex cycle of biochemical reactions of the body, one of the most important vital functions belongs to numerous enzymatic processes.

In the literature, there are many works devoted to the study of the phenomenon of Shvartsman, described by him in 1928. The study of this phenomenon went in two directions: the first direction is represented by works that clarify the nature of the substances that cause the Shvartsman phenomenon.

From the literature on cancer at a young age, it is clear that stomach cancer occurs, albeit rarely, in a wide variety of periods of young age. Gak, Derzhavin, reporting on his observation of a case of stomach cancer in a 32-year-old woman, cites from the literature the case of Gullingworth — stomach cancer in a 5-week-old child. Kulich's case is in a 1½ year old child, Dietrex's case is in a 12-year-old girl, Schaeffer's case is in an H-year-old boy. Cookin, in his report on stomach cancer in an 18-year-old patient, cites cases of gastric cancer in fetuses (cases of Wilkinson and Wiederhofer). In his report on two cases of stomach cancer at the age of 25 and 27, Redko cites statistics on cancer at a young age, which he collected from Russian and foreign literature before 1914. According to his statistics, out of 592 cases of cancer under 30 years of age, stomach cancer accounted for 32 cases, with 2 cases up to 5 years, from 10 to 15 years 3 cases, from 15 to 20 years 2 cases, from 20 to 25 years 8 cases ., from 25 to 30 years old 17 cases. Krasavitov, who reported a case of stomach cancer in a 24-year-old woman in 1924, says that stomach cancer at a young age is very rare and a total of 34 cases have been described in the literature. Shegal, in his report on cancer at a young age, points out that from 1914 to 1929, literary material on stomach cancer in persons under 30 years of age barely totals 100 cases. Regarding the incidence of gastric cancer at a young age, we could not obtain from the available literature figures based on a large amount of material. Cancer statistics given in special guidelines do not particularly highlight this issue. According to old Penzoldt statistics, 10% of stomach cancers occur at the age of 30, 2% at the age of 20. Rigel, in the Notnagel manual, cites data from various authors who indicated the incidence of gastric cancer before 30 years at 2, 2.5 and 3%. According to the statistics of Fusch and Panek from the Hohenegg clinic, based on 1717 cases of cancer, gastric cancer occurred in patients under 10 years of age 1 time, up to 20 years - 14 times, up to 30 years - 48 times. According to the recently published materials of the Leningrad Oncological Institute, out of 1492 cases of stomach cancer that have passed through the Institute over the past 10 years, stomach cancer under 30 years old was diagnosed in 19 people (1.3%), of which the youngest was a 23-year-old patient. Shegal believes that stomach cancer occurs at a young age in 1-3%.