The victory of the October Revolution, which overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and freed millions of workers from capitalist exploitation, destroyed the main causes of poverty, hunger, high morbidity and mortality, and created decisive conditions for the correct and fundamental resolution of the national issue.

Before the October Revolution, care for nervous patients in Kazan was extremely inadequate: it was provided by the inpatient hospital of the university's nervous clinic, designed for 20-25 beds, and by a department in the Shamovskaya hospital for 6-10 beds; outpatient care was also provided there, and physiotherapy was very limited. Private practice flourished, a private hospital flourished — only the wealthy class was treated. There were 9 neuropathologists in Kazan, and in the regions of present-day Tataria there was not a single specialist in nervous diseases.

The historic date marking the beginning of the organised struggle against orthopaedic deformities in Kazan, and later in the whole of Tatarstan, should be considered November 1, 1918, when the Kazan Provincial Social Security Department established the Orthopaedic Institute with a 40-bed hospital and prosthetic workshop. This institution was transferred to the Kazan Provincial Department of Health in 1920 and joined, as an Orthopaedic Clinic, the Clinical Institute, which was founded in the same year and later became the State Institute for the Advanced Studies of Doctors named after V.I. Lenin.

Attention to the younger generations is one of the distinctive features of post-October cultural construction. The Soviet republics are justly proud of their legislation protecting the rights and health of mothers and children, a developed network of children's institutions, etc. Naturally, the Tatar Republic, as the brainchild of October, also has success in this area.

When we talk about the achievements in physiotherapy in the Tatar Republic over the past 15 years, we must not forget that this is basically its first 15 years. This date coincides with the birth of the State Institute for the Advanced Training of Doctors, which established the Physiotherapy Clinic, the second oldest in the Union, which was the basis for the development of physiotherapy in the Tatar Republic. Before that, mass physiotherapy was out of the question: there was no physiotherapy at all on the periphery, and there was only one private water and electrotherapy clinic in Kazan, which served only the most materially wealthy segments of the population.

Tatarstan, the former Kazan Province, was considered a "foreign" outskirt during the landowner-king regime. As a result of the colonial policy pursued by the tsarist government, this province had a very backward agriculture and industry. Large numbers of working people, especially Tatars, bourgeoisie and landowners, were subjected to unheard of subjugation and stood at a low level of cultural development.

Soviet radiology is the brainchild of the October Revolution. Indeed, it was only after October that the attention of the party and government paid to this young discipline and its adherents and pioneers gave birth to something that did not exist before the 1917 revolution - radiology as a discipline, as a subject of teaching, as a new method of recognition and treatment in the Soviet Union's health care system.

At the end of 1920, the first tuberculosis dispensary was founded in Kazan. Thus, the 15th anniversary of the tbc organization in TR coincides with the 15th anniversary of the Republic of Tatarstan.

If earlier it was believed that on the territory of the Tatar Republic the Izhevsk mineral spring is the only balneological representative, now, when the study of the productive forces of our region has begun to be widely conducted, we can outline a slightly different picture.

Clinically, gastroparesis represents a stomach motor failure that leads, depending on the duration of the process, to acute or chronic stagnation of food masses in the stomach.

Now, as never before, a clear and precise knowledge of all indications and contraindications for referring certain categories of patients to each given resort is required. For Kislovodsk, the issue of the treatment of hypotensive patients is relevant.

It is considered established that arteriosclerosis is a very frequent companion of old age. According to Behzdt's statistics on the material of one large insurance company, arteriosclerosis is the main cause of death in old age.

Only 5-6 years ago, blood transfusion in the Soviet Union was carried out in the overwhelming majority of cases in the form of citrated blood from a donor. Numerous adaptations, modifications, special devices for direct blood transfusion from a donor have not found widespread use and, one might say, are quickly forgotten at the present time. The main disadvantage of a blood transfusion from a donor is that the donor, being the central figure in each individual blood transfusion, is time-consuming and often difficult to not only examine but also receive it at every necessary moment.

We began to use the Novocaine block of the nervous system in cases of rheumatoid arthritis since the beginning of 1933. Our material covers eighteen cases. The block was carried out according to the method developed by A.V. Vishnevsky, and never gave complications.

A number of issues relating to immunity, the course of the disease with TB meningitis and etiology are still unclear and require further study, despite the large number of activities in this area. Of particular interest is the reactivity of an organism with TB meningitis when injecting Koch's tuberculin.

The so-called prostate hypertrophy, according to many authors, is found in one-third of older men. The phenomena of prostatism are typical of old age in general; some think they can be seen in most elderly people. This seemingly innocent suffering, almost "physiological", is, however, fraught with serious complications for many, and often disrupts an old man's life path. Hence the great practical importance of the issue of treating prostate hypertrophy.

Among the numerous and varied forms of traumatic injuries of the spine, fractures — separations of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae — are relatively rare. In the pre-X-ray time, such injuries were almost never diagnosed, and even now they are not always recognized in a timely manner. Such patients often walk for a long time with their suffering under the diagnosis: lumbodynia, distortion, etc. Due to the fact that the objective phenomena in this case may be insignificant, constant complaints and appeals of such patients to doctors are very often interpreted as aggravation or simulation, until the radiography, and sometimes repeated, does not reveal a fracture of one or several transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

Among diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, under certain indications, most often give rise to surgical intervention.

The etiology of pubic symphysis ruptures is twofold. Puerperal ruptures are most often observed, exclusively, of course, in adults, with various types of forced permission, for example, when removing the fetus with forceps. Such breaks during childbirth can occur during arbitrary childbirth, the so-called spontaneous (23%), and even after childbirth.

Despite the fact that obstetrics is one of the oldest medical disciplines, the question of how to manage the last period of childbirth remains open, and articles have been published in the periodical medical press until recently offering so-called "new ways" of managing it. However, these supposedly new ways are in fact nothing but modifications to the old ones. For example, V.E. Rogovin recently proposed his "preventive active way of conducting the last period", based on the exact laws of mechanics, which, in fact, represents an improvement in the old way of separating and extracting the posterior by pulling the umbilical cord.

Over the past decades, about 300 cases of optic nerve neoplasms have been described in the literature. It was assumed that some of them grew from the sheath of the nerve, but most of them originated from their own nerve trunk. The histological structure of tumors of the latter kind was determined in different ways, less than a third of them were considered as gliomas, some as neuromas and the rest as tumors of a mesodermal nature.

We have not come across any special works on the effect of oil shale dust on the human organism or experimental animals, both in foreign and in Russian literature. But the resolution of the issue, or, rather, the approach to understanding the nature of the influence of this type of dust, is of undoubted importance, which, on the one hand, is associated with practical issues of occupational safety and health in the new industry with broad prospects in the future - on the other hand, morphological changes in the lungs from this dust, which appears to be a mixture of organic and inorganic chemicals.

The rare development of cancer in a short time at the site of injury prompted us to publish a case of cancer observed in the skin department of the clinic that developed at the site of an injection with a stem of grass.

Until recently, science has held the view that the body's activities are managed in two fundamentally different ways - the nervous system, where the central nervous system plays the main coordinating role, and the chemical system.

The IX All-Union Congress was ceremonially opened on 9 March 1935 at 7 p.m. in the column hall of the House of Unions, full of delegates and guests, by electing honorary and working presidiums. The entire Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b), Krupskaya, Gorky and Telman were elected to the Honorary Presidium of the Congress in applause. Honoured Science Worker Prof. V.S.Gruzdev (Kazan) is elected Chairman of the Congress to a loud applause.

The Third Collection of Works of the Institute of Biology and Medicine (now called the Institute of Medicine and Genetics) contains 20 works; 10 of them are devoted to the study of the relative role of hereditary and environmental factors using the 'twin method' and represent a variety of twin studies.

Among the neurological works published recently in our Union, one of the first places should be given to the monographs of prof. I.I. Rusetsky - "Knee reflex".

The question of serodiagnosis of leprosy is very important, since only in this way would it be possible to diagnose this disease when there are no clinical manifestations of the disease.

In the literature there are reports that the majority of sera from patients with rheumatism agglutinate hemolytic streptococci at 55°.

The author studied in detail 80 strains in typhi flavum isolated from various sources (stool, urine, blood of typhoid fever patients, water, animal oil, nasal mucus, and air in various rooms).

The problem of obtaining homogeneous cultures of streptococci presents great difficulties. Meanwhile, it cannot be bypassed when trying to study the serological properties of cultures.

Vitebsk, Klingenstein and Kun proposed a new complement-binding reaction for tuberculosis, based on the principle of certain provisions.

Isolation of L. ictero haemorrhagiae from water is very difficult due to the constant presence of harmless L. pseudo-icterogenes, which has a clearly antagonistic effect on the former.

At the beginning of his book, the author talks about the importance of the anatomical and functional status of the nasal cavity for the good functioning of the entire respiratory system, about the clinical unity and intimate connection of all parts of it, about the importance of normal nasal breathing for the lungs and, finally, about the fact that stenosis of the nose of different origin (curvature of the skeleton, chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane, polyps, adenoids, etc.) is reflected in the entire respiratory system.

Inhalation of a mixture of carbonic acid (CO2) with oxygen (O2) was used by Henderson (1934) to reduce cough and shortness of breath. Excessive coughing causes the development of laryngeal tuberculosis, emphysema, spontaneous pneumothorax, hemoptysis, vomiting, insomnia, fever, shortness of breath, cyanosis, chest pain.

Of the 133 cases admitted to the clinic from 1913-1933, 100 were histologically examined; hematuria was observed in 85% of cases and weight loss in 23%. These symptoms led to the detection of the tumor.

The author gives three case histories of meniscus injuries to miners working with compressed air tools.

The causative agent is in most cases in the form of spores in almond crypts and gum holes. A runny nose and subsequent bronchitis caused by a cold activate the spores. Many elderly people suffer from long winter cataracts, which exhaust them so much that they die by the end of winter.

The author gives 3 cases of successful treatment of ureteral fistulas by X-ray examination of the kidneys.

The author suggests applying a purse-string suture when immersing the appendix stump, grabbing it with anatomical forceps under the lateral part of the ligature to the right or left of the node.

In the author's case, the placenta has grown over its entire surface into the lower segment of the uterus.

The author describes a case: a 28-year-old woman contracted for the first time an itchy skin rash (urticaria). Soon after, pains appeared, concentrated in the right lower abdomen.

The author proposes, in case of a difficult-to-tighten abdominal wall due to poor sleep of the patient and strong protrusion of the intestinal loops, to insert a rubber finger with a catheter at the end through which it is possible to inflate a rubber finger with the number of need into the wound, to clamp the catheter and avoid injury to the intestines and the seizure of the omentum when suturing the peritoneum.

A 36-year-old, re-pregnant patient, in the first months of her last pregnancy, there is a rapid growth of cancer of the left breast.

To facilitate ligation of vessels in the depths of the operating field, the author designed a final corongue with a ligature held in a special groove on the periphery. When this tool is brought to the styptic clamp, the ligature does not slide off the end of the endgame ligature and the bleeding vessel can be tied tightly.

Dr. Bulgakov. Demonstration of a patient with congenital malformations of the eyes. Dr. Epstein. Demonstration of a patient with sarcoma of the iris and ciliary body. Dr. Tazetdinova. Demonstration of a patient with Exophthalmus et Xerophthalmus Os. Sin. with Graves' disease. Prof. Murzin provided information on the forthcoming All-Union Congress of Eye Physicians in Kazan in 1935 and on the participation of members of the eye section in the fight against trachoma in the Tatrespublika.

Action: 1) purely local on tissue metabolism and blood vessels, 2) general, in a circular way on the ovaries and corpus luteum. Method of application - lubrication of erosion with a brush or tamponade, and recently used insulin tablets.

The author reports a case of chickenpox in a 32-year-old re-pregnant woman. Delivery two weeks ahead of schedule. The rash appeared one day after giving birth.

Nine cases of adenocarcinoma of the cervix have been reported which have undergone radiation therapy at the university gynecological clinic in Freiburg.

The author recommends secal.corn. in inflammatory conditions of the genital area, characterized by often insufficient tone of the muscles of the uterus.