The phenomenon of autoagglutination was first noted by Klein in 1890. It consists in the accumulation of erythrocytes with serum or citrated plasma of the same blood. The nature of this process was only later clarified by the isolation of a special form of gluing of erythrocytes, the so-called. pseudoagglutination or false autoagglutination. Macroscopically, it is extremely easy to mix both types of agglutination, microscopically, it is more difficult, since in most cases it is easy to distinguish heaps of erythrocytes, consisting of the coin columns formed by them.
There is no need to prove the importance of recognizing typhoid diseases as early as possible. The most important method for meeting this need is blood culture. While it is almost impossible to make a diagnosis in the first days of the disease by other methods (Widal’s reaction and sowing stool), sowing blood with typhoid fever in the first 7 days, and with paratyphoid fever for the first time 3-4 days, gives almost 100% positive results.
In the light of modern teachings, parasitic worms are considered not only as causative agents of helminthic diseases, very diverse in etiology and clinical course, but to a large extent also as the primary source of very frequent infectious diseases, as inoculators of microbial flora, as a factor that acts with its poisonous properties on the body, disrupting normal organ function and predisposing it to other diseases and to severe disease. With the development of most infectious diseases, the first role belongs to worms, and the second to bacteria; the course and death of the disease should be considered as the result of the combined destructive work of both. “One should not be hypnotized by germs only” (Cadeak).
In one of our reports, we were able to show that a milk diet, which does not satisfy the energy needs of scarlet fever patients, leads to a negative nitrogen balance. Since in the milk diet, along with a moderate content of protein and fat, there were extremely few carbohydrates, it was natural to assume that an increase in the amount of the latter could have a significant effect on protein metabolism. To replenish food with carbohydrates, we included in the diet, in addition to milk, vegetable purees, cereals, jelly. The menu was composed in such a way that for breakfast and dinner, patients were given porridge with milk, and for lunch, vegetable puree and cranberry jelly. In addition, children received 200 grams twice a day. milk as a drink. The well-known schematization of dishes was carried out in order to facilitate the technical conditions of work. According to a preliminary calculation, the total caloric value of our lacto-vegetable diet was 2086 calories, with a content of 56 grams in food. squirrel, 294 gr. carbohydrates and 70 gr. fat. Of the 10 children put on this menu, only one 12-year-old patient with a mild form of scarlet fever ate the whole food offered to him, while the rest of the children were content with more or less of the dishes they were given. Patients aged 4-5 years drank an average of 600-700 grams. milk and ate 150-300 gr. porridge, 75-150 gr. mashed potatoes and 150-200 gr. jelly; older children ate 400-500 grams. porridge, 150-300 gr. puree, 250-300 gr. jelly and about 800 gr. milk.
Although fibroids are the cause of sterility, according to many authors in 20-30% or even more, the onset of pregnancy with this disease is far from an exceptional phenomenon. Based on the material from the State. obstetrician. gynek. Institute for 1908-1927 inclusively, 85 fibroids in the postpartum period were ascertained, which is 0.17% for the entire number of urgent premature births and miscarriages (45771). Excluding miscarriages,% of fibroids in the postpartum period = 0.2% (for 36599 term. And pre-birth. 74 fibroids). Our figures fit the figures of Hessenberger, who for 19294 births in 1913-1923 found a% of complications with fibroids — 0.2%. It is possible that fibroids are not always recognized at the time of delivery. So, according to the material of Ganelina for the maternity hospital named after Snegirev for 95,000 genera, fibroids were found in only 0.03%. It is interesting that in the past, complications of childbirth with fibroids, apparently, were observed more often, perhaps because women with complications of the labor act more often ended up in maternity hospitals, compared with normal childbirth. So, according to Pinard,% of patients with fibroids = 0.6%, according to Pozzi, 0.7%. The great rarity of complications of childbirth with fibroids at the present time can also be explained by the fact that recently patients with fibroids are more often subjected to surgical treatment during pregnancy and before its onset.
In our previous work, we determined, using anthropometric indices for men according to the work of Dr. Andreev, and in correcting the mean and square deviations for women according to the works of Nedrigailova and Ulyanova, on the material of the maternity ward of our clinic, two female types of constitution - pycnic and asthenic and presented the relation of these constitutional types to childbearing function in women on the material in a hundred cases.
If we find a fairly large amount of material from both Russian and foreign authors on the influence of the profession on the female body in general, then there is still little evidence of the influence of work on the female genital area. Such an important department has not yet been sufficiently developed, meanwhile, the importance of studying this issue becomes clear if we recall at least the purpose of the sexual sphere of women — to serve to maintain the human race.
Taking into account the practical difficulties encountered in this disease, as well as of a pathogenetic nature, most authors still distinguish between sciatica brainstem and radicular. Among the causes of sciatica, there are acute and chronic infections, intoxication and autointoxication, endocrine diseases and sciatica without a definite etiological moment, the so-called. idiopathic sciatica. The reasons for the occurrence of sciatic nerve neuralgia also include chronically recurring, at first glance, trauma, inflammation, tumors, congestion in the small pelvis, in the spinal column and its cavity, and changes in the spine itself.
The huge spread of fungal diseases in the USSR forces us to look for affordable methods of treatment that could be applied in the areas most affected. Medical treatment with various disinfecting ointments without hair removal does not achieve the goal, while conventional hair removal with tweezers is possible only in cases with sharply limited and small lesions. The use of X-ray therapy is not always available due to the lack of a sufficient number of X-ray units, and not in all cases this therapy can be carried out. Therefore, the method of hair removal with thallium acetate, proposed by Buschke, aroused great interest.
In our work on the study of biochemical changes in blood during chloroform and ether anesthesia, it is indicated that the lipolytic enzyme gives a significant increase in the days following chloroform anesthesia. As you can see from the table. Lipase No. 3 gives in some cases the maximum increase in a day after anesthesia, in most cases the lipenzyme continues to increase in 48 hours (the same picture was given by the rabbits No. 23, B and C mentioned in the text).
Hanow (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 55, H. 2, 29) gives data on the dynamics of the soft chancre for 1925, 1926, 1927 and 1928 based on the material of the K. Virchow's hospital in Berlin. Ulcus molle was registered in 1925 19 cases, in 1926-79, in 1927-97 and for 20 months of 1928 - 192 cases. At the same time, the author deals with the issue of localization of ulcers, as well as complications in ulcus molle. With a therapeutic purpose used ac. carbolic. liquef. and chlorozinc. The last remedy was tested on 35 patients, and small and medium-sized ulcers healed in 5-7 days, the gangrenous chancre healed in 20 days. When treating the same ac. carb. liq., tested on 109 patients, cure occurs on average in 18 days.
Tönnis (Dtsch. Z. f. Chir. Bd. 212. 1928) notes that in chronic obstipation the function of the anastomosis of the small intestine with the large intestine plays an important role. Often, due to antiperistaltic movements of the large intestine, the contents of the intestines can return or linger in the small intestine, making it difficult to empty the small intestine. The author recommends, based on the above considerations, to impose anastomosis end-to-side or end-to-end.
Dr E. Vertan (Zntralbl. F. Chir., No. 41, 1929), on the basis of clinical and experimental observations, finds that boric acid: 1) causing local hyperemia, increases the natural defenses of tissues and leads to the formation of rich healthy granulations, 2) in terms of osmotic qualities, it refers to intense fluids in relation to tissues, thereby facilitating the washing out of bacteria and toxins.
Szeutkirálye (Derm. Ztschr., Bd. 56, H. 2/3, 29) used various solutions of myosalvarsan, injecting them at the sites of manifestations of lues I and II under the skin near efflorescence. It turned out that strong solutions (up to 15%) of this drug, injected locally, do not have their strong killing effect on pale spirochetes. When using neosalvarsan at the same time intravenously, the spirochetes disappeared after 24 hours.
Marchіonini (Denn. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 4, 29) explains the formation of rashes in the 4th interdigital space by a decrease in acids on the surface of the skin of this area due to the development of fungi. Depending on the cause, the author recommends antiparasitic local therapy in the form of applying acids to the affected area. Of the 26 cases of similar diseases, a. saw good results in 25 people, where alcohol with hydrochloric acid or boric acid, iodine tincture, arnica and chrysarobine tinctures were used. Out of 13 cases of interdigital erosion, the author obtained an excellent result in 10 cases.
Schreus and Willms (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 1.1929) studied Boltz's reaction in various stages of syphilis. The authors' material concerns 1,000 cases, of which 200 different reactions were produced: Boltz'a, Colloid-reaction, Nonne, Weichbrod t'a, RW with cerebrospinal fluid, in order to find out the greatest sensitivity of reactions in the early stages of syphilis. The Boltz'a reaction refers to the type of reaction with "dropout". Based on his observations, A.A. believe that the Boltz'a reaction, like the rest of the reaction. in all stages lues'a is positive and goes strictly parallel with them. Along with other reactions, it retains its independence, due to which it is a superfluous fact in the study of liquor'a. In cases of old lues'a, it is only positive when RW is clearly positive.
Mijajlowié (Wien. Klin. Woch. 1929, No. 37) tried the products obtained from the digestion of psoriatic skin scales by means of pepsin and trypsin (unfortunately, the method is not indicated. Ref.). In 10 cases of persistent psoriasis, the author obtained good results.
“Kaufmann (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 5.29), examining histologically the placenta of mothers with syphilis, as well as the umbilical cord, thinks that with the nonspecific morphological changes of syph. placenta examination of umbilical cord tissue for the presence of sp. pal. gains in importance. The detection of spirochetes in organ pieces is purely scientific, but not practical. A. gives a detailed picture of changes in the syphilitic placenta and umbilical cord.
A new method of combined treatment for lupus vulgaris is offered by Demuth (Dermal. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 2/3, 29), which he tested on "large material" and which consists in the fact that the patient is lubricated from the outside with the composition: ac. pyrogall., resorcini albi, ac. salicyl aa 7.0, talci ven., gelanthi Unna aa 5.0, and in addition, intravenous infusions of sulfates (Géodyl, Pélospanine) at a dose of 5 kb are used. see 2% solution daily. The author points out that the ointment treatment works quite vigorously in small lesions, but in large lesions, the proposed combination is recommended, the action of which is based on the fact that the pyrogall ointment is better tolerated, the convalescent tissue granulates more intensively and, finally, relapses are very rare.
Biberstein and Linke (Arch. F. D. u. S. Bd. 158, H. 1. 29), having performed a number of studies to determine blood sugar in 38 p. with eczema, 31 p. with psoriasis, 28 p. with lichen Widal and 24 p. with ulcus cruris found that with these diseases it was not possible to detect a pathological increase in blood sugar, and only a significant number of persons with lichen Widal had a reduced level of sugar.
Lechner, having tested Muller's Ballungsreaktіon in 2000 cases. (Wien. Klin. Woch., 1929, No. 29), came to the conclusion that it is the most sensitive and simple in technique among other reactions of precipitation to syphilis and should therefore take its rightful place in serodiagnostics of the latter.
S. Funk (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 55, H. 3, 1929) describes 4 cases observed over the last 3 years at the R. Virchow hospital in Berlin, of which 3 cases of primary gummy cavernitis and 1 case of secondary cavernitis with ulcerated gum. Based on his observations, the author believes that gummy cavernitis affects, in contrast to induratio penis plastica, which is localized strictly between the skin and the corpora cavernosa, the most cavernous bodies; the very name cavernitis means an inflammatory condition, which is a specific granuloma, which we call gum or syphiloma.
Waldeyer (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 5, 29), given that it is often impossible for infants to use Neo preparations intravenously, tried intramuscular injections of myosalvarsan in the treatment of 27 syphilitic children. The dose, depending on the age, weight and constitution of the patient, was dissolved in minimal amounts of destil. water, and injections were made every 5-8 days of treatment; a total of 12-15 injections were made during the course. Three children out of 27 died (11.2%) and a. He sees the cause of death not in the drug, but in the weakness of children with congenital syphilis, who usually die from extraneous infections. Based on his observations, the author believes that in myosalvarsan we have a remedy that is not irritating and does not have side effects. The use is very simple. When properly dosed, it should be included in the anti-syphilitic arsenal in the treatment of lues in infants.
A. Jordan and Popova-Bloom (Derm. Zisch., Bd. 55, H. 2) as a result of their observations of 8 cases of this disease come to the following conclusions that m. g. can occur in different parts of the muscles, but more often affect m. sternocleidomastoideus, women are more likely to suffer (the authors have one man out of 8 cases), because this disease is observed in individuals with lues ignorata. M. g. is a manifestation of late syphilis. Diagnosis is fraught with great difficulties and is facilitated only by a positive R. W. The prognosis is favorable, for specific treatment quickly leads to a cure.
Alf. Cohn (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 55, H. 2) gives detailed instructions for the preparation of a specific antigen, patient serum, and also describes in detail the technique of the Bordet-Gengou reaction itself. The author received as a result of his observations with acute gonorrhea in men 40% pos. responses, for chronic — 60% and for complicated — 80-100%. The results are especially demonstrative in gonorrhoid arthritis (100%). It is important to use the reaction in doubtful cases, when microscopic and bacteriological examinations do not give the necessary answer for making a diagnosis. If people who do not have gonorrhea are vaccinated, the reaction may be positive. If a positive reaction persists for months or years, you need to look for a focus with gonococci. According to the author, the complement fixation reaction cannot replace the previously tested diagnostic methods, but it complements them. Together with bacteriological and clinical research methods, the reaction sometimes helps to understand the diagnosis of difficult cases.
Planner (Wien. Klin. Woch., 1929, no. 36) tried Luotest (extract of syphilitic rabbit testicle) with luetin reaction in 106 cases of tertiary and late congenital syphilis, receiving 80% positive results. Since the luetin reaction in experiments a. coincided with RW only in 70%, giving often positive results with negative RW, then a. highly recommends introducing it into syphilis serology along with RW.
Loeb (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 2/3, 29), observing the course of gonorrhea in women simultaneously suffering from syphilis and taking specific treatment, noticed that in this case gonorrhea lasts much longer than in persons free of syphilis. A. observed 421 cases over a considerable period of time and on the basis of this material he believes that uterine gonorrhea, due to the delay of As in its mucosa and the effect on menstrual function, often has an adverse effect, while gonorrhea of the canal proceeds faster due to the disinfecting effect salvarsan in the urine. With cystitis and pyelitis, a positive result is reflected in 60-80% of the cure of these processes.
Kwiatkowski Legežynski (Arch. f. D. u. S. Bd. 157, H. 3, 29 г.) после обзора литературы проса приводят результаты своих наблюдений, касающиеся 431 больного с разной клинической картиной гонорреи; кроме того, реакция была поставлена вывороткой лиц, страдающих кожными заболеваниями и перенесших ранее гоноррею—кандидатов в брак. Авторы производили реакцию по методу Calmette-Gassol, употребляя в качестве антигена Gonargin. Выводы авторов вкратце приводятся к следующему: реакция специфична, ибо при исследовании сыворотки лиц, страдающих кожными болезнями, она оказывалась всегда отрицательной. При острой передней гоноррее положительный результат выпадает в незначительном числе случаев, в хроническом стадии несколько выше. При осложненной гоноррее получен положительный и сомнительный результат в 95—100%, который появляется на 6—8 день после наступления осложнения. Прогностического значения реакция не имеет. Впрыскивание гоновакцины ведет к образованию специфических антител в крови. Противотела обнаруживаются в крови от 4 до 12 недель. Для установления излеченности играет роль лишь положительный результат, указывая на очаг с гонококками.
Schollz (D. m. W. No. 31, 29), on the basis of his many years of experience in the treatment of gonorrhea, indicates that Protargol and Albargin remain the best drugs to this day, because they act not only in a killing manner on gonococci, but also exert their influence on mucous membrane in the sense of its impregnation. In cases where gonococci sit deep in tissues (prostata, epididymis, ovaries), the author recommends using protein therapy. In stubborn cases, it is recommended to "Fieberbehandlung" with hot baths or inoculation with malaria. To establish the fact that gonorrhea has been cured, the author uses microscopic examination after a series of provocations, and also examines the patient with the help of cultures. An excellent means for establishing the cure of gonorrhea is the B.-G. reaction, and a negative reaction that occurred after the previous positive one is more likely to speak for a cure, while a persistent positive reaction indicates the need for a series of repeated microscopic and bacteriological studies.
V. Dosuzkova and Th. Dosuzkov (Revue V. neurologii i psychiatrii, 1928, no. 4). In contrast to Babinsky, Leshchenko and Nemlicher (Proceedings of the Ukrainian psychoneur. Inst., 1927, III), the authors do not consider this reflex part of the “fan sign,” just as they do not find definite connections of this reflex with the setting and defense reflexes. Poussin occurs with the simultaneous defeat of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor pathways and disinhibition of the reflex arc of this reflex.
Th. Dosuzkov and Ed. Bena (Revue v. Neurologii i psychiatrii, 1928, nos. 3 and 4). Choreic contractions were noted in the right half of the face and right limbs. These contractions decreased under the influence of volitional tension, increased with distraction of attention, with emotions and unpleasant peripheral sensations. On the right side, the patient had friendly motions of the imitation type, muscle hypotonia, absence of setting reflexes, the presence of tactile hypeesthesia and decreased vibration sensitivity on the right side, miosis and increased sweating on the right.
The conference opened on Tuesday, May 21st at 6½ pm in the auditorium of the Physiological Laboratory of Med. faculty chaired by prof. K. R. Viktorov, at whose suggestion the memory of prof. N.A.Mislavsky was honored by standing up. After a short introduction, an honorary presidium was elected. The selected were: from the Kazan Society of Physicians - prof. And P. Vasiliev, from the Society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists prof. A. V. Favorsky, dean of the medical faculty prof. T. I. Yudin, the oldest professor of med. faculty V. S. Gruzdev, the oldest physiologist of Kazan prof. A. F. Samoilov, the oldest student of N. A. Mislavsky prof. R. A. Luria, prof. J. Snapper and student representative.
Prof. V.V. Miloslavsky. “On the issue of training doctors in sanitary-prophylactic affairs”. Analyzing the causes of the current crisis in sanitary organization, the speaker came to the following conclusions. 1. We do not have a specific cadre of sanitary workers and are forced to often fill the ranks of sanitation with random material. 2. The crisis of sanitary organization depends primarily on the fact that the medical faculty cannot, within the limits of its curriculum, give two guidelines to future doctors — the setting of prevention and the doctor, since an in-depth study of preventive disciplines requires special training. 3. More than 1/3 of the time according to the curriculum of the medical faculty is devoted to clinical subjects, and only 1/10 to prophylactic subjects. There is little reason for a young doctor to turn from a medical to a preventive path, especially since the student will not actually give this tithe to prevention, and, on the contrary, devotes much more time to clinics than is indicated in the curriculum. In the proposed curriculum of the professional faculty, 1/10 of the preventive disciplines is also allocated, the same is allocated to the clinic, but a number of disciplines are introduced that help to better assimilate the preventive sciences and, of course, this 1/10 will be fully used. The lack of practical training in preventive disciplines will be filled up during the 6th year internship. 4. The only correct solution to the problem of training a cadre of sanitary and professional workers is to organize a preventive faculty with a special program that has the task of developing a preventive doctor, from the 1st year of training to accustom him to preventive thinking, equip him with all the knowledge to achieve a single goal of improving the team's health - Debate: doctors Mendelssohn, Trotsky, Schwartz, Mukhamedyarov, Mekhonoshin, Kondakov and prof. Gran.
1) Dr. G.B. Myasnik and Ts. V. Haskina. Demonstration of a patient with chondrodystrophy. A 5-year-old Chuvashin boy with a symptom complex characteristic of chondrodystrophy is demonstrated, and a series of radiographs from this case is presented. Along the way, a literary review was made about this disease.—Debate: pr.-Assoc. Gasul showed radiographs of a case of chondrodystrophy in an adult.
1) Dr. S. M. Marcuse. “On the issue of chronic anemia in schoolchildren”. The report was published in No. 10 “Kaz. honey. magazine ".2) Dr. EP Krever. “On the pathogenesis of anemia in children”. The report will be published in Kaz. honey. magazine ". 3) Dr. 3. I. Malkina. “On the question of reticulo-endotheliosis”. Debate: prof. Vasiliev, Lepsky, assistant professor Vorobiev, and prof. Menshikov. 4) Dr. O.S. Gershtein. "Experience of helminthological examination of children in Kazan with the data of blood hemoglobin and body weight before and after deworming." The speaker examined the pupils of 2 schools of the 1st stage (Tatar and Russian) for helminthic infestations, using the Fülleborn, Teleman and scraping methods to find the eggs of the helminths. In total, 466 hours were examined. The total infection of children with worms is very significant, reaching 71.6%. There is no difference in the infection of children based on ethnicity. The greatest percentage of infection falls between the ages of 8-15 years. Of the types of worms, enterobius (87.6%) and ascaris lumbricoides are most common. Before and after treatment, the patients' blood was examined, and their weight was measured. As expected, in most children, the weight and% Hb increased after the expulsion of the worm. Debate: Dr. Rozov, assistant professor Vorobiev, prof. Lepsky and Menshikov.
On October 21, 1928, an assignment meeting of the society was held, at which the charter was read out and the society was replenished with a list of all members of the ophthalmological section of the society of doctors at Kazan University. The chairman of the Society was elected prof. V. V. Chirkovsky.
1. Dr. D. E. Goldstein. On the question of osteochondropathies such as Legg-Calvé-Perthes, Alban Köhler and Osgood-Schlatter. Having demonstrated a number of radiographs of cases of osteochondropathy, the speaker focused on the clinical, radiological and pathological-anatomical picture of these apophysis diseases, which have recently become a special nosological unit. Presenting in the pathological and histological terms primary aseptic subchondral necrosis of bone tissue, these diseases of adolescence give a very characteristic clinical symptom complex and a typical X-ray picture. In the development cycle, 5 stages are distinguished: I — stage of “necrosis”, II — stage of “fracture”, III — stage of “resorption” “reparative” and V — “outcome” in a cure, which can be “ideal” without deformations, or with deformities type deform., but without ankylosis and fistulas. Pathogenesis: impaired arterial nutrition of the apophyses during growth and ossification Insufficient knowledge of these diseases among a wide range of doctors and erroneous diagnoses in this regard (tbc, lues, sarcoma, late rickets, artrit. Deform.), As a result of this, incorrect treatment and an incorrect prognosis are put forward the question of a detailed study of these diseases and their error-free recognition. Prof. Fridlyand, ave. Gasul, prof. Bogolyubov, Dr. Ryzhikh and Dr. Gefen.
The first meeting of the Russian Endocrinological Society in the new 1929-30 academic year was opened with the reports of V. Ye. Krasheninnikov "On the problem of endocrine therapy of cancerous tumors" and prof. D. M. Rossiyskiy "Syphilis of the endocrine apparatus." the present time is almost non-existent.
The report of prof. M. M. Gran (Kazan) “On the socialist competition of preventive departments at Med. faculties of universities ". In connection with the challenge to the socialist competition of Kazan and Irkutsk universities by Tomsk University, the speaker puts forward 15 points that could serve as a basis for the competition: 1) timely start of classes and full 100% implementation of the lecture program; 2) 100% completion of seminars and practical classes and the transfer of the latter from a “cyclical” system to a “continuous” one (parallel to the lecture course); 3) linking practical classes with summer industrial practice; I and II courses; 5) linking preventive departments with clinical and with some basic theoretical departments of junior courses; 6) stimulating students to independently study social and hygienic issues; 7) raising the attendance of lectures; 8) deploying the work of graduate students; 9) establishing work of nominees; 10) management of individual scientific work of students; 11) deployment of scientific work of departments; 12) organization of offices of the department and its equipment; 13) organization of museums of the department of social hygiene; 14) preparation of a workshop and compendium of social hygiene (before the publication of a large guidelines); 15) development of a program of social hygiene and subsidiary disciplines (occupational health and childhood hygiene), development of odes of teaching, staffs and estimates of the respective departments. The general platform of competition is the best and fastest implementation of the reform of higher education in Soviet universities, in particular in honey. faculties. — In the debate they spoke. Landis, Sysin, Gurevich S.E., Kaplun, Strashun, Molkov and Mirsky.
222) In the current year, 215 people were admitted to the medical faculty at Kazan University, of which children of workers 35%, peasants 37%, children of employees and specialists 26%; by nationality: Russians 60%, Tatars 20%, Chuvash, Mordovians, Mari, Udmurts 10%, other 10%. The number of students at the medical faculty by the beginning of the academic year was as follows: 1st year - 226 people, 2nd year - 198 people, 3rd year - 197 hours, 4th year - 196 hours and 5th year - 182 hours. Doctors in spring and autumn session was released 244 people.
33) a) Are there legal provisions on the right of hypnosis treatment and what? b) Can a local doctor, familiar with the literature of hypnosis, with little independent experience without special training, use psychotherapy as one of the methods of treatment?