Despite the fact that an extensive literature is devoted to kidney syphilis, this question still cannot be considered finally resolved. The kidneys can be exposed to the action of syphilitic infection in any period of syphilis, but specific morphological changes in them are found only in the gummy period of the disease. Gumma diseases observed in this period are among the very rare finds during the section. When looking through the extensive literature, we did not come across definite statistical indications of the frequency of kidney damage by the gummy process and found only random information about the amount of renal gummy syphilis. So in Wagner (1881) on 9000 sections of the kidney gum were found in 3 cases; Spiess (1877) had 7 cases of gummy interstitial nephritis in 220 autopsies of syphilitics. Lancereaux (1866) noted one case of kidney gum in 24 syphilitic sections. The rarity of gummy kidney damage can be judged to a certain extent because among the vast museum of the Pathological and Anatomical Institute of Kazan University for a long period of its existence there has not been a single case of such a change in the kidneys.

Syphilitic lesions of the endocrine glands are relatively common. Being a common blood disease, syphilis, affecting various organs and systems, should also affect the endocrine system, which is richly supplied with blood vessels; when infected with syphilis, some of the endocrine glands increase in volume and swell simultaneously with the lymph glands, and they often contain a large number of spirochetes.

Syphilis affection of the cerebral appendage is observed quite often. Virchow first described the gum of the cerebral appendage in 1858. Further observations showed that the defeat of the cerebral epididymis with syphilis is a fairly common disease and, according to some authors, syphilis of the cerebral epididymis occurs in 42%, according to others in 57%. How often syphilitic lesions of the epididymis are observed, comparatively, can be seen from the statistical data of Buschke and Jost'a, who collected from the literature 246 cases of syphilis of the cerebral epididymis, of which 162 cases had acquired syphilis.

More and more facts of the influence of the environment on the physiological processes of the body are accumulating at our disposal. The interaction between the environment and the activity of the entire nervous system (including the vegetative one), the activity of the cardiovascular system, digestive function, external and internal secretion, basic metabolism, etc. can be considered to a certain extent elucidated. We are interested in the question of the influence of the external environment on the activity of a healthy kidney, because this influence has to be taken into account already for practical reasons: 1) for preventive purposes, in order to be able to commensurate the strength and ability of the kidney to carry out its most important excretory function for the body with the load that in her daily work she receives from the external environment, from the conditions of “work and life” of her bearer, 2) for the purpose of clinical diagnostics when using, for example, a water sample, and also 3) in order to achieve the greatest effect of balneological drinking therapy.

We set ourselves the task of establishing how the effect of ether vapors and nitrogen oxides is reflected in the hemogram during a long stay in production. For this purpose, we have carried out about 180 complete blood tests of workers at chemical plant N, of which one group of workers is exposed to ether vapors at a concentration of 5 to 20 milligrams. and more by 1 L of air, the other - to the effect of nitrogen oxides of various concentrations (the concentration ranges from thousandths of a milligram. to tenths and even up to several milligrams., 3-5, per 1 L of air).

The subjects underwent a complete blood test (from 9 to 12 am). Hb was determined with a Sahli hemometer (calibrated). Erythrocytes and leukocytes were counted in the Bürker chamber (Türk grid). The smears were stained according to Pappenheim’y (Mau-Grünwald-Giemsа), it was counted according to Sсhіlling’y not less than 200, more often 300 leukocytes. To detect basophilic granularity in erythrocytes, smears were stained according to the method proposed by E.O. Freyfeld (diluted aqueous solution of 1% methylene blue — 5 drops per 20 bar of tap water, staining within an hour). In most workers, the number of young erythrocytes-reticulocytes was determined (blood test on the substantia granulo-filamentosa); coloring according to Schilling'y — combined coloring Brillanteresylblau Giemsa; 1000 erythrocytes were counted and the number of reticulocytes encountered; in addition, their content was assessed by fields of view.

The treatment of intestinal fistulas is one of the most difficult tasks for the practical surgeon. It is known how much the sick with this disease are burdened by their suffering. The constant uncontrollable discharge of discharge from the intestinal fistula, often with a fecal odor, poisons the atmosphere around the patient and makes his existence painful both for himself and for those around him. This is reflected in the mental state of patients; depression of the psyche, general discontent and severe hypochondria appears. The physical condition of patients with intestinal fistula is upset differently depending on the level of the intestine, on which the fistula is located, on the nature of the fistula and the amount of discharge. Due to severe disorders, patients agree to any operation that is offered to them.

Tumors of the pleural space are rare. First, I will give my case.
Teacher A. A. S-skaya, 41, was admitted to the Ufa provincial hospital on September 3 and was discharged on October 11, 1928.

The work we have done is not a mass observation based on statistical data, but represents a type of tentative experience conducted under certain conditions. We set the Disk'a reaction and with its help traced the effect of vaccination in scarlet fever foci. The examined material is not large, since there is currently no large outbreak of scarlet fever in Ufa. The observations mainly cover children in schools and kindergartens from 3 to 15 years old. At 28 in these children institutions there were cases of scarlet fever; their number was not significant, but some of them were fatal in the shortest (3 days) period. In the presence of such conditions and the absence of special detachments, the setting of the river. Dick'a before vaccination could be produced only in children small institutions. In schools with more than 200-300 students, where the production of p. Dick'a would have required a lot of time and thus would have delayed vaccination, we decided to put p. Dick'a simultaneously with the latter, especially since it is based on positive p. Dick'a at vaccination of children this time was not supposed. In schools and kindergartens vaccination was carried out in children whose parents expressed their consent.

In this work, the goal is to get better acquainted with the clinical picture of anemia in chronically anemic schoolchildren and to investigate the relationship of the disease with some social and living conditions of children. For this, we took 2 Russian schools of the first stage, located in the same district of the city, but different in the social composition and living conditions of students, with a total of about 300 children who were under our supervision during the entire school period (1-4 years). Of these, children with a pronounced pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, observed for at least a year, were selected, who were allocated to the group of chronically anemic children, and an equal group of other children was taken to compare with them, from which a group of healthy children who showed a good complexion during throughout school life.

Recently increased interest in the issues of syphilis of the nervous system has led to significant advances in the pathogenesis and clinical picture of neurology. In connection with the study of the problems of syphilis, many questions of neuropathology, which remained in the shadows for a long time, received a different explanation, although sometimes, perhaps, not entirely sufficient and still raising doubts. It is precisely such questions that have received a new interpretation that include cases of muscle atrophy in the presence of syphilis.

Twins have always attracted attention and aroused interest, both because of their relative rarity, and equally because of their inherent characteristics. From the side of their external structure, they have been the subject of study for a very long time (for example, the Hungarian sisters Judith and Elena were described in sufficient detail and accurately at the beginning of the 13th century). The psychoses observed in twins attracted attention much later: the first case of such recorded in the literature refers to 1812 and belongs to Rüsh. Then, from time to time, descriptions of individual cases appeared, and the attention of the authors was directed to Ch. arr. on the similarity of the psychopathic picture in twins. Although these descriptions were in most cases somewhat accidental, nevertheless the accumulated material allowed Ball in 1884 in De la folie gemellaire to make an attempt to single out a special form of twin psychosis, which he called "Folie gemellaire". When constructing his form, he proceeded from the assumption of the identity of psychosis in both twins, therefore, the main features of Folie gemellaire, in his opinion, were: 1) the simultaneous manifestation of seizures, 2) parallelism in relation to delirium and other mental abnormalities, 3) self-origin delirium in each of the individuals affected by it (cited by Dеjеrіnе).

The doctrine of algogallucinosis is closely related, or rather, based on the psychosexual theory of hallucinations, and before talking about algogallucinosis, it is necessary to get acquainted with this new theory of hallucinations.

There is still no common, universally recognized approach in the therapy of Graves' disease, Gravesism and simple strumas. A number of clinics — surgical, therapeutic, nervous, and physiotherapeutic — claim to play a role in the treatment of these diseases. The brilliant results of surgical treatment have sufficiently revealed the value of the surgical method, but comparatively young physiotherapy, in particular X-ray therapy, are now actively attracting the attention of specialists to resolve this issue. Thus, if, thanks to the accumulated observations, the participation of each of these clinics is undoubtedly necessary, then the share of participation and the place that belongs to each of them, despite the large number of works on this issue, is still a problem of the day. Only further accumulation of observations on clinical material can bring us closer to solving this problem. That is why it seems interesting to summarize the observations that have accumulated at the Leningrad Physiotherapeutic Institute over the past 6 years (1923-1928 will include). This development also has the advantage that it is made on polyclinic material, which, in contrast to the stationary one with prevailing severe forms, has a variety from initial to classically completed forms.

September 11-13 this year under NKZdrav R.S.F.S.R, a meeting of planned workers and heads of health departments of regions and republics that are part of the RSFSR was held. Opening the meeting, People's Commissar N.A. Semashko dwelled on the main points of the work of health authorities in the period of socialist construction. He pointed out the need for strict planning in work, the great political and practical importance of the implementation of the 5-year health plan and the strict implementation of the social-class principle in the provision of health care to the population. The need for the fullest provision of medical and sanitary services to industrial centers, areas where large state farms and collective farms are located was emphasized, to which the most serious attention should be paid and maximum funds allocated.

In the vast majority of cases, we judge the life and creative work of our scientific institutions only by the individual works of their employees, scattered in various periodicals. Thanks to this, it is very difficult to get a clear idea of the scientific direction of this institution, the value of leadership and the scale of work.

The fight against gonorrhea due to its incessant growth is becoming an urgent issue of modern venereology. At the Moscow meeting, a number of reports were devoted to this issue (Zaigraev - Treatment of male gonorrhea in an outpatient clinic and a dispensary; Kushner - Principles of diagnosis and treatment of female gonorrhea; Kahn - The current state of the issue of girls' gonorrhea; Rossiyansky - Social prevention of gonorrhea; Konigsberg - Personal prevention gonorrhea).

The pathological conditions that are commonly called kidney disease are actually common diseases. The state of blood circulation in the internal organs, the exchange of water in the body, the function of the skin, etc., are decisive factors in this.

The editors of the journal "Odontology and Stomatology" set themselves an extremely attractive and very useful goal - to give the Russian odontologist a number of monographs under the unifying title "Odontologist's Library", covering various departments of odontology dentistry in their current state. Until now, the publishing house has issued a series of such monographs, which are partly original research and partly abstract reviews covering a particular issue. This last section also includes the peer-reviewed work of prof. N.I. Agapova.

The work of Dr. Ya.G. Gottlieb is based on a large (54 cases) and varied material from the clinic of prof. P.M. Fronshtein, to whom the author devotes his work. The author analyzes 12 different anomalies, which are mainly of clinical significance.

This book presents the first French work devoted to ultravirus and the description of 63 diseases caused by it.

In this short but well-published book, intended not only for the radiologist, but also for the pediatrician, along with good reproductions of the thorax of normal infants, there is also a text-guide, where we find practical instructions for the clinical and radiological examination of the child. Children were chosen from healthy parents.

Each prisoner should be examined in the most careful way by a psychiatrist, not in order to discover that he has a mental disorder, but in order to identify the characteristics of each criminal and develop something like a plan according to which the application of punishments to criminals would be more just and expedient.

The book by Professor Erich Müller aims to acquaint a young mother with the basics of modern teaching about mother and child nutrition, as well as the basics of caring for and raising a child. All material is divided into 21 letters.

To decide whether tumor cells really have a special affinity for lead in comparison with other cells of the body, Kawata (Beitr. Pathol. Anat. Bd. 82, H. 2. 1929) tried to determine the amount of lead absorbed by the tumor in comparison with the liver, lungs and kidneys. For the experiment, we took mice with inoculated cancer, and the determination of lead was carried out by an extremely sensitive method of radioactive analysis of the ash of tumors and compared organs.

George, Getter and Muller (Arch. Of Path. Vol. 7. No. 3, 1929) had the opportunity to examine the corpse of a 25-year-old girl for the presence of radioactive substances, removed from the ground for this purpose five years after her death. This person, by virtue of her profession, dealt with radioactive substances for the last 4 years of her life.

The state of chronic adrenal insufficiency was observed in 108 bilaterally epinephrectomized cats with daily injection of an extract from the adrenal cortex. The symptoms were similar to those of acute insufficiency, but in general they tended to develop more gradually.

A 13-year-old girl developed an extensive cartilaginous swelling of her right thigh over several months, causing pain that continued to grow until her death. Death followed a high amputation of the right leg.

Cotte et Pallott (Comp. Rend. Soc. De biol 99, 69, 1928) human corpuscles were transplanted into female rats. Some of the rats were castrated, and some were normal.

Joy and Oldberg (Am. J. of Physiol. 86, 599, 1928) found that injecting a dog under light barbital ether anesthesia with the following mixture: 15-40 cc. decinorm. s. Na HCl, 30 cc. butter, boiled egg yolks, cream and olive oil, 0.5% ac. butiric. and 5% soap solution causes contraction of the gallbladder. Unboiled egg yolks, olive oil and cream have no effect.

The patient, admitted to the hospital with complaints of fever, chills, chest pains, died on the 4th day of illness from pulmonary thrombosis. In connection with this diagnosis, which was confirmed by autopsy, the right ventricle and a. pulmonalis were examined before removal of the viscera en masse.

Mazzocco (Compt. Rend. Soc. De biol. 99, 174, 1928) examined rats 10, 30 and 60 days after removal of the adrenal glands. Lactic acid was taken immediately after minute tetanization and after resting intervals following tetanization.

Corner G. (Amer. J. of Physiol. 86,74, 1928) reports on experiments aimed at testing Fränkel's data on the need for corpus luteum to maintain pregnancy in a rabbit, as well as Bouin and Ansel'ya on the need for these glands for pre-pregnant proliferation endometrium.

W.Dameshek (A.M.J., 20 IV 1929) reports two brothers, twins, who fell ill at 56 years of age with the same manifestations of limf. leukemia, which resulted in the death of both of them, one after the other after 68 days.

Cotte G. et Pallot G. (Comp. Rend. Soc. De biol. 99:74, 1928) found that the injection of therapeutic doses of insulin into rats is accompanied by the cessation of the sexual cycle for the entire duration of injection.

In recent years, the treatment of lupus has undergone great changes: instead of trying to act with local destructive agents on the local focus of the disease, therapeutic measures seek to raise the vital function of the entire skin, the exchange of the whole organism (light, sun baths of the whole body, cold and hot baths, cleansing of the entire skin). General strengthening, the use of a favorable external environment now play a major role in the therapy of lupus, like all other tuberculosis patients.

Diseases of the circulatory system in childhood are subdivided into Priv.-Doz. A.F. Hсht (Die Arztliche Praxis No. 3, 1929) into six groups: The first group: endo-, myo- and pericarditis - in infancy are mostly associated with an umbilical infection, suppurative processes, gonorrhea or influenza infection, and later - in connection with rheumatism. Therapy consists in complete rest, digestible food, care for emptying the intestines and in the elimination of all irritations.

N. Seemen (Zentbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 31), using percain for the purposes of conduction anesthesia in the form of 0.25-0.1%, for infiltration - 0.05% solutions, observed the complete onset of anesthesia after 5-10 min., and it persisted for 8-10 hours without the onset of subsequent pain.

Developed by A.V. Vishnevsky method of infiltration anesthesia with large quantities of weak solutions of novocaine as applied to the operation of appendicitis (Zentr. F. Chir., S. 1286, 1929), consists of a trace. Moments: 1) Infiltration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue along the entire length of the intended incision line. Incision without waiting until aponeurosis. 2) Injection of the solution under the aponeurosis m. obliqui abd. ext. and cut it. 3) Stretching the aponeurosis with hooks, inject m. obliquus abd. int., push apart its fibers and grab the tendon part of m with two Kocher clamps. transv. abdomini, pulling it up in a cone.

Anesthesia of the shoulder girdle. A. Balog (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 32) considers all subclavian methods (Babitzky, Hirschel, Balog, Kil) of anesthesia of the brachial plexus not as a substitute for the Külenkamрff method, but as an aid for those cases where anatomical conditions do not allow anesthesia according to Külenkampff.

Malyshev. (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 23) for warming the graft suggests the following: on the outer side of the thigh, a segment of fasciae latae of the required size is excised and remains in the wound bed. A long thread is pulled out from one end of the graft.

Prof. B. Martin (Zentralbl. F. Chir., No. 29, 1929) in severe cases of pure gastroptosis with success (10 cases) applied a transverse resection of the stomach immediately below the cardi’a by one transverse finger until the lesser curvature was turned into the pyloric part.

In the literature, the question of whether acute inflammation of the worm can be caused is discussed. appendix due to injury. H. Hartoch (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 25) believes that if, among the child's full health after blunt damage to the abdomen, soreness occurs in the right half of the lower abdomen, vomiting, a perforated process with protruding blood is found during the operation. In such cases, the link between trauma and subsequent inflammation is confirmed.

S.P. Fedorov (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 26), advocates that not all forms of angina pectoris are subject to surgical treatment, but only those where therapeutic means cannot be achieved. Surgery on the sympathetic nervous system of the neck leads to not only temporary but also permanent improvement. What operations and in what cases to perform on sympathicus, the future will show.

N. Nomma (Zntralbl. F., 1929, No. 31) described a case of dislocation of the ulna inward with rotation of the semilunar surface of the ulna inward and a subcapital fracture of the radius with inward displacement.

G. Dardel (Zntralbl. F., 1929, No. 24), on the basis of extensive clinical experience, recommends the treatment of acute empyema by resection of the rib with aspiration using communicating bottles according to Perthes-Iselin.

H. Köhler (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 31) gives 3 cases of kidney carbuncle, of which one with an unexplained etiology, the other due to trauma and the third is possibly associated with inflammation of the female genital organs. It is recommended to disinfect the diseased kidney with multiple injections of rivanol and, in exceptional cases, resort to nephrectomy.

A. Hilse (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 18) recommends that after removal of the ingrown nail, the wound cavity should be closed more tightly with a tightening plaster.

W. Baetzner (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 17) in 60 cases successfully used X-ray examination of the gallbladder by introducing the drug "Oraltetragnost" per os.

O. Homuth (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 30), on the basis of experimental studies, came to the conclusion that, under physiological conditions, the contrast fluid passes into the tubular system of the kidney during lege artis performed by pyelography due to the diffusion of fluid with tissue fluid through the epithelium of the renal pelvis.

H. Hilarowicz (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 25) gives 5 cases of separation of the anastomosis between the stomach and the small intestine. In all cases, no ulcers were found, and after the destruction of the anastomosis, the patients feel well.