In the field of the physiology of the transmission of reflex excitations, despite the enormous literature, there is still much that is not clear, especially regarding the transfer of excitation to the other side. This justifies any attempt to clarify this or that detail of this process. I set myself the task of comparing the effects of the simple and cross reflex in relation to the strength of the applied current and the construction of muscle contraction curves when using repeated stimuli for a long time. In this direction, the literature indicates to us some facts that only say that the transfer of reflex excitation to the other side occurs, in comparison with the transfer of a one-sided reflex, with some difficulties.

Posthumous penetration of roundworms into the biliary tract is not uncommon, as evidenced by numerous pathological findings. Such penetration is facilitated to a large extent by the posthumous relaxation of the muscles in general and, in particular, the muscle pulp papillae Vateri, as well as the desire of parasites to leave the intestines of their dead host, due to the unfavorable living conditions that have arisen with death. As for the intravital penetration of roundworms into the biliary tract, such a phenomenon is considered very rare and deserves a detailed description in each individual case.

On 23 / III 1923, a 7-year-old boy B. with complete paralysis of his right arm was delivered to the department. The father who brought the boy told the story of the misfortune that happened in October 1922. The boy was instructed to lead the horse. Holding her on the rein, he went to the indicated place. The halter was wrapped around the arm. Suddenly the horse, frightened of something, jerked violently back and rushed to the side, dragging the leader with it. The boy followed her a few steps and was then raised without memory. Immediately after that, his right arm was severely swollen. The tumor was especially large on the neck and in the upper part of the shoulder it did not have a blue-purple color. After being ill for several weeks, the patient began to feel better: the tumor began to subside, and the skin began to take on a normal color. Then it was noticed that, although the hand looks healthy, it has lost its ability, movement and sensation.

In 1894 prof. Kuhnt performed the first operation to remove the cartilage in a patient who suffered from frequent and severe relapses of pannus. In this patient, the transitional folds were removed much earlier. During the study, the conjunctiva was attached significantly wrinkled, with the process of cicatricial trachoma ended, and the cartilage of the eyelid was greatly thickened throughout. The result of the operation was brilliant: the recurrent pannus soon disappeared, and the cure, as subsequent studies showed, was final.

Fetal growth during pregnancy, accumulation of water and an increase in the volume of the uterus cause significant stretching of the anterior abdominal wall in a pregnant woman. This stretching is especially significant during multiple pregnancies and with polyhydramnios. In this case, the rectus abdominis muscles diverge from each other due to stretching of the white line, the integrity of the skin is disturbed due to the divergence of its fibers, and in this way striae gravidarum arise.

In addition to the typical signs, what are the pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, frequent, weak pulse, fainting, etc., internal bleeding that occurs as a result of rupture of the fetus during an ectopic pregnancy is accompanied by other, no less characteristic phenomena from various systems organism, which sometimes make it possible to timely confirm or establish a diagnosis and differentiate this suffering from other similar painful conditions.

One of the most interesting interrogations in the doctrine of tumors is the question of atypical growths of the epithelium. The uterus is just such an organ in which growths of this kind are found in a wide variety of forms. These forms should include the so-called. diffuse adenomas of the myometrium - adenoma myometrii diffusum. Not being sufficiently studied in all respects — no more than 30 such cases have been described in the literature so far — they are not only scientific, but also of great practical interest, since they often proceed under the guise of a malignant neoplasm.

The doctrine of idiopathic multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma of the skin is still incompletely established; it remains largely unclear where the tumor cells come from, as well as the treatment of this infrequent suffering. On the contrary, its diagnosis in the vast majority of pronounced cases can be made quite easily: the disease is characterized by a rash of various sizes (from millet grain to a bean) nodules of dark or bluish red color, initially located, separately or in groups, on the hands or feet, and more often on the arms and legs. These nodules are quite dense to the touch and lie deep in the corium'e.

In a large number of cases of joint diseases, it is not possible to establish their exact etiology. Since the gonorrhoid disease of the genital organs in women often remains unrecognized, gonorrhoid arthritis in the latter often pass for rheumatic arthritis. According to statistics (Velyaminov, Be Leske), gonorrhoid joint disease occurs in women twice as often as in men.

Under the conditions of the time we are going through, Russian doctors, with extremely insignificant exceptions, still continue to be just outside contemplators of the powerful successes in syphilis therapy that have been achieved in recent years in the West, and have so far been deprived of the opportunity to actively participate in the undoubtedly close completion of the ultimate goal of our therapeutic quests — overcoming the formidable scourge of mankind.

Thanks to the work on the one hand of morphologists and physiologists, on the other, of clinicians, it seems possible at present to provide a rigorous scientific basis for the study of one of the most difficult and dark chapters of neurology, cerebellar diseases. 1923, and the speakers were such authorities on this issue as prof. Marburg from Vienna and prof. Mingazzini from Rome.

Prof. Bernatsky (Doctor. Gaz., 1924, No. 18) describes a new specific reaction to the sexual characteristics of plant and animal tissues. 1/4 of the timing is taken. test tissue, crushed in a mortar, placed in a small test tube ("port-fleur"), 1 cube of site is poured, a mixture of equal parts of 0.582% sodium hydroxide solution and 0.816% potassium hydroxide solution, the mixture is thoroughly mixed with a glass rod, and 1 a drop of a color indicator consisting of 2 hours of alcohol (95-96 °) 1% dalpy solution, 1 hour. one

The question of treating diphtheria with normal horse serum instead of antitoxic serum, which was much sensational in connection with the observations of Віlіng'a, has been repeatedly decided by both clinicians and bacteriologists in favor of antitoxic serum.

Gates (Proc. Soc. For exp. Biol. A. Med., 1923, p. 61), proceeding from the established fact that it is not the falling, but the absorbed energy that affects, and taking into account this latter, he came to the conclusion that the absorbed and Radiant energy, lethal for staphylococcus aureus, lies in the range from about 2482 A.E. up to 2804 AU, corresponding to a wide absorption band of organisms in the outer part of ultraviolet rays.

Observing changes in the content of leukocytes (hl. Arr. Pseudo-eosinophils and lymphocytes) in the form of transient leukocytosis in the blood of rabbits immunized per os with cholera tablets, Lindfors-Aleksina (Arch. Cl. And Exp. Med., No. 3 - 4, 1924) comes to the conclusion that during per os immunization, along with the local process in the intestine, there is also a general reaction that does not cause changes in the hematopoietic organs, as with subcutaneous immunization, but still clearly expressed.

The amount of Ca in human blood and serum under normal conditions fluctuates within very narrow limits and, according to Jarisen's research (Deut. Arch. F. Klin. Mediz .. Bd. 144, H. 1-2), is 11.5 mg % CaO in the blood or 10.5 mlg. % Ca in serum in adults. In patients, a decrease in Ca in the blood, hypocalcemia is more often observed. than an increase in it, hypercalcemia.

Since the lability of seroglobulins is characteristic of the sera of tuberculosis

By filtering tuberculous sputum, tuberculous pus, peels from organs affected by tuberculosis, as well as old tuberculosis cultures through a Chamberlend candle, a number of authors, such as Veyaapson and Nudurou, Valtis, Duran, Vaudremer (Bull, de l'Inst. Past., t. XXII, 1924), it was possible to obtain a liquid, which, when introduced into the body of guinea pigs, caused tuberculous lesions with the presence of typical tubercle bacilli in the affected foci.

Seyderhelm (Klin. Woch., 1924, No. 14) sees the cause of malignant anemia in the fact that the flora of the small intestines changes its character, becoming similar to the flora of the large intestines — putrefactive microbes begin to predominate in it, and b. coli.

According to the conclusion of prof. Kabanova (Arch. Wedge, and exp. Med., 1924, No. 5-6) hypertension in the vast majority of cases is not an increase in the tension of the vascular walls, but a decrease in their myotonic state, that is, an increase in the functional activity of the heart and blood vessels, manifested in increased blood circulation in the arterial system (all or part of it) and increased blood circulation in it.

Weiss (Deut, med Woch., 1924 No. 33) reports on his observations on the treatment of severe cardiac patients with strophanthin and novosurol. In chronic heart diseases in a state of sharp decompensation, sometimes digitalis has no effect, especially when the body, due to the prolonged use of small doses of digitalis, has become accustomed to this remedy.

В новейшее время средство это было рекомендовано против гипертонии Rоinbегg’oм, назначавшим его в след, виде: Na nitrosi 0,03, Ка nitrici 0,2. Na bicarbon. 1,8, M f. pnlvis Такой порошок, растворенный в 250 к. с. воды, больной выпивает утром натощак. Lepe line (Ther. d. Gegenw., 1924, по реф. в „Лракт. Bp.“, 1924, № 7—8) с успехом применял его в виде внутривенных вливаний (15 вливаний по 0,01—0,02 Nanitrosi), причем получил значительное улучшение гипертонических припадков даже у лиц, принимавших ранее Na nitrosum per os без успеха.

Glässner and Lewy (Arch, f Verdauimgskr., 1923, B. XXXI. H. ½) offer a very simple way to treat stomach ulcers by prescribing 4% sodium hydroxide solution after 2 hours with a daily dose of 400 cubic meters. sant.

Prof. Petrov (Journal for whiskers, doctors, 1924, No. 6) believes that the possibility of local damage to bacteria by antiseptic substances in the tissues of animals and humans has been proven on the surface and in cavities; in the thickness of tissues, it is probable, but clearly not proven; the possibility of a direct bacterioplastic action of antiseptic substances in the circulating blood has not been proven either.

Prof. Golyanitsky (BP. Gaz., 1924, No. 17) recommends the following method of treating infected wounds, previously tested by him through experiments on animals: 5 cubic meters is drawn into a syringe. sant of distilled water and 1 cu. sant. the patient's blood, novocaine is added to the mixture up to ¼% and sodium chloride up to 3.6%, and it is injected, in an amount of 5 to 25 drops, after 1-2 days. into the circumference of the wound.

Serebryakov (Med. Arch., 1924 No. 2) describes an epidemic of appendicitis in children, observed in one of the orphanages in Simferopol.

Franke (Znb. F. Chir. 1924; according to the ref. In "Practice. Time", 1924, No. 7-8) praises the stubbornly not healing tuberculous fistulous passages cauterizing them with a mixture of solutions of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate (6.0 by 88.0 water). These moxibustion is repeated after 3-4 weeks. To protect the skin, it is smeared with petroleum jelly.

Prof. Mettingas (according to the ref. Doctor. Gaz., 1924, No. 17), in order to reach the lateral surface of the bladder, makes an incision in the abdominal wall above and parallel to the Poutart ligament — as for bandaging a. iliacae ext. more front line, dissects the aponeurosis m. obliqni abd. ext., lower fibers m. obliqni abd. int. and m trpnsversi abd., then fasciam transversaux, separates from the bone - if necessary - attachments of the rectus abdominis muscle and ligates the vasa epigastrica, inf With this incision, the side wall of the bladder is easily accessible and good conditions for drainage are created.

Schreiner (Zentr. F. GynJ 1924, No. 19) finds that at the first clinical signs of mastitis, the baby should be weaned from the diseased breast for several days, the latter should be given absolute rest, and anti-inflammatory treatment should be applied.

Linhardt (Mag. Orvosi 1923; according to the ref. Zentr. F. Gyn., 1924, No. 19) was convinced that the placental extract, administered subcutaneously, is the most popular mammalian remedy.

Despite the truly colossal amount of research of all kinds carried out in this direction, the named problem still remains unresolved.

Having tried intravenous infusions of 0.1% rivanol solution (Rivanoli 0.1, saccliari 0.3, aqd dest.ad 100.0, the solution is sterilized by boiling), Bock (Deut.l med. Wocli., 1921, No. 11; according to ref . in "Practice. Vr.", 1924, No. 7-8 received such brilliant, sometimes downright incredible results that he considers it a very foamy remedy for the fight against postpartum septicemia

Leibovich (Bp. Delo, 1924, No. 19-19) proposes a new method of revitalizing asphytic newborns, the essence of which is intraumbilical injection of adrenaline. The technique of the method is as follows: cut with scissors, of course, subject to the rules of asepsis

Mikulicz Radecki and Lu eg (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1924, No. 21) by experiments on animals (rabbits) were convinced that pressing the aorta only at the beginning, due to the depletion of the uterus with oxygen (resp. Carbon dioxide overload), causes contraction of the uterine muscles, in the future but it is replaced by atony.

According to Johansen (Venereology and Dermatology, 1924, No. 2), one of the main reasons for the protracted course of gonorrhoid urethritis in women is inflammation of the so-called paraurethral ducts — blind tubules located near the urethra and lined with stratified squamous or polymorphic epithelium.

It has long been known that long-term exclusive breastfeeding adversely affects the child's body: according to Czerny, such children turn pale, become lethargic, and they often have manifestations of rickets, even with an abundant subcutaneous fat layer.

According to Dr. Belous (Med. Arch., 1924, No. 2) in the clinic of prof. Vorotynsky, this treatment was successfully tried in several cases of encephalitis.

To prove the colloidal-chemical nature of Wassermann's reaction, Zilber and Frize (Arch. Clinical and Expert. Med., No. 3-4, 1924) cite their observations in which they managed to obtain a positive Wassermann reaction with syphilitic human sera using a paraffin suspension as an antigen.

Prof. Weygandt (Klin. Woch., 1923, No. 47) reports about 300 cases of progressive paralysis, where it was produced, with a therapeutic purpose, inoculation of malaria (among these cases, about 200 were traced within 1-4 ½ l.).

Exploring the cardiovascular system in 275 patients with syphilis in the secondary stage. Ame1nng and Sternberg (Dent. Arch. F. Innere Mediz., 145 B., 1-2 H.) in half of them found obvious pathological changes.

An extremely interesting work on this issue was carried out by Grodzovsky in the laboratory of N.K.T. (Labor Hygiene, 1924, No. 4)

Rosentul and Kruglyak (Rus. Vestn. Dormat., 1924, No. 9) applied bacterioscopic examination of the lymphatic glands according to Grenbaum and Schamberg in 38 cases of leprosy (12 cases. Leprae tuberosae, 6 - leprae mixtae and 20 - 1. maculo -anaestheticae).

Yakovenko (Hygiene of Labor, 1924, No. 1) analyzed dust in the department of technical rolling at the Krasny Triangle plant (Leningrad). In this compartment, a semi-liquid rubber mass in special kneading rollers is mixed with a powder containing litharge, and the powder is added by hand, and during this work, clouds of the finest dust are released into the air; after rolling, the rubber goes to the calenders, where the fabric is rubberized.

A small book by the famous English clinician deserves the special attention of doctors. Based on many years of experience at the patient's bedside, M. teaches how to correctly evaluate seemingly small and insignificant subjective sensations and objective symptoms.

Currently in technology, there is a rapid spread of the electric method of deposition of dust and vapors through the system of prof. Cottrell'fl, first applied by the latter in 1906 in California.

Prof. V.V. Miloslavsky made a report on the Moscow institutes studying labor. Having examined the advantages and disadvantages of labor organization according to Taulor and Gilbert, the speaker outlined the work of the Central Institute of Labor with its numerous laboratories, the Institute of Professional Hygiene of the People's Commissariat for Health and the Sanitary Institute of the People's Commissariat for Health in Moscow.

This book, written by one of the most prominent French pediatricians, will be read with interest by Russian doctors, among whom the views of French pediatricians are comparatively little known.

Prof. A.V. Vishnevsky made a report on the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, and demonstrated two patients in whom they underwent a sympathectomy: one had an operation, and a. carotis externa, was done for severe neuralgia of item trigemini, in another, for gangraena spontanea. In both cases, the effect was brilliant.

After a long break, this year, on November 18, a solemn annual act of Kazan University took place, attracting a lot of professors, teachers and students.