In Book I of "Chir. Veliaminov's Archive" for 1915 in the article: "Is life possible in bilateral pneumothorax?" I quoted a number of authoritative representatives of physiology and clinic (Landois, Nagel, Verigo, Sauerbruch, Fraentzel), unanimously considering bilateral pneumothorax as an extremely acute and certainly lethal pathological process. To these names I could add the name of Rosenthal and many others. On the other hand, clinical casuistry is quite rich in cases of undoubtedly bilateral pneumothorax, which not only was not followed by immediate death, but often ended in complete recovery. This leads to the conclusion that in the contradiction of clinical observations to the data of the physiological statement there is some gap, which can be eliminated only by a carefully conducted experiment.
The concept of "protein therapy", which refers to the nonspecific effect of protein bodies and products of their decomposition injected parenterally on the body, was first proposed by the Prague clinician R. Sсhmidt, who began using milk injections for therapeutic purposes in 1916. A little later and independently of him, Sahl, in Vienna, published favorable results obtained from milk injection for typhoid fever.
Among the most vigorously working endocrine glands of the human body is the thyroid gland, and among the diseases caused by disruption of its activity are those chronic diseases of the joints, which are known for the most part under the common name of chronic articular rheumatism.
In the question of protein therapy we are still at the stage of accumulation of raw material. Our impressions from intramuscular injections of milk protein in 10 orthopedic patients are also presented here in this sense.
Protein therapy has been reported in foreign ophthalmological literature since 1916. Various authors used this treatment for almost all eye diseases. Thus, conjunctivitis of different origin (Friedländer), blenorrhea (Müller, Pilot, Bachstez, Wiese), trachoma, keratitis parenchyma and scrofula, corneal ulcers were subjected to this treatment, Various etiologies of iritis, serous, plastic and disseminating chorioiditis, sympathetic inflammation, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, optic atrophy (Müller Thanner, Bernaud, Königstein, Rosenstein et al.)
In view of the recent interest in various forms of hyperkinesias, it seems timely to report a case that I have observed in recent months.
The question of protein therapy is currently still in a period of searching. Neither the mechanism of action of the parenterally administered protein, nor the methods of its application, nor the protein preparations most suitable for treatment have yet been established.
Among the numerous neoplastic processes developing in the skin, malignant tumors-sarcomas and cancers are of the greatest interest both in terms of pathogenesis and pathological and anatomical structure.
Hardly any other branch of medical knowledge has ever faced greater challenges, more pressing questions, than hygiene does at the present moment. The past war has uprooted about 6 million healthy, strong individuals - a direct sacrifice on the altar of Mars. To this should be added about 50 million premature deaths caused by an increase of mortality and those who were not born as a result of a decrease in the birthrate. For Russia, the total loss had already reached 21 million souls by the end of 1920, with 25 million disabled.
It is known that when, in 1677, Hamm discovered spermatozoa in human seminal fluid, he mistook them, due to their mobility, for animals. And, in the opinion of the author, it was not a very grave mistake.
The author recommends the following method based on Sсhilling's principles: a smear is fixed in one of the usual ways; then the glass with it is placed, smear down, in a Petri cup, where equal amounts of 2 solutions are poured simultaneously.
The real triumph of experimental-surgical technique as applied to questions of physiology is represented, according to the fair statement of Віскеl, by the recent research of Маnn and Magath on liver extirpation in dogs.
On the basis of observations on patients with African relapsing typhus the author expresses the following view on the history of development of spir. Duttoni in the body of the tick and in the organism of a sick person: spirochaetes entering the tick body together with the blood of a sick person lose their mobility and turn into granules, which are small lumps surrounded by a homogeneous mass; at some time they can be found in eggs in the ovary and in young larvae (nymphs).
In order to avoid severe complications in humans with therapeutic injections of human blood, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the blood (red blood globules, plasma) is different in certain individuals as indicated by Landsteiner, Düngern, Hirschfeld, etc.
It is known that some people explain the effect of parenteral administration of proteins by their effect on the parasympathetic system. Salomon, and Oppenheimer hold the view that there is a direct effect on the blood.
Avitaminosis is often seen as a type of starvation, based on the notion that it causes the cells of the body to lose much of their ability to assimilate food. According to Collazo, this is not entirely true: starvation is primarily the destruction of the substances of which the body is built; avitaminosis is the destruction of cellular material simultaneously with the burning of food substances without the ability to assimilate food normally.
To detect Negri and Guarnieri bodies in tissues, the author recommends fixing the pieces in methyl alcohol or acetone, encasing them in paraffin and making sections of them, first treating them for 15-30 minutes in 5% tannin solution and then staining by Küll's method.
Having tried Arsalite, a new arsenic preparation with 26.5% As, in 11 patients with relapsing fever, the author found that it deserved preference over Salvarsan.
To recognize cholera vibriones and distinguish them from cholera-like other bacteria, the authors suggest using the sharply pronounced ability of cholera vibriones to degrade starch.
In all cases where there is an active pulmonary process with certainty or high probability, the number characterizing the rate of red blood globules settling exceeds the normal number. The normal number speaks against active tuberculosis.
Iodine, being used per os or in the form of Lugolʹev solution (25 to 30 drops 2 times a day), or in the form of 10% iodine tincture (5 to 10 drops, also 2 times pro die), certainly has a known therapeutic effect in malaria, but this effect depends not on its toxic effect on plasmodium, which it has none, but on its direct effect on fever, which it prevents.
The author believes that the former direction in the treatment of tuberculosis, which focused on feeding patients with organic substances, is one-sided and wrong, - that in some cases, feeding, despite a significant increase in weight, does not stop the tuberculosis process and does nothing in terms of increasing the natural immunity; on the contrary, the resulting fat accumulation creates unfavorable conditions for the fight against tbc infection.
In the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis, two reactions must be performed in addition to each other. The first reaction, Besredka I, is used to prove the presence of a specific antibody against the Besredk'n antigen in the human body; the second reaction, Besredka II, is used to prove the presence of the antigen with a specific immune serum.
In February 1922, during a discussion at the Berlin Medical Society about salvarsan, Friedemann pointed out that the large number of severe liver complications in the treatment of syphilis in Germany during the war could be reduced to a provocation by salvarsan of tropical malaria.
Studying liver function by means of a test proposed by Vidal ("Leukovidal" by Schilling), the author compares this test with the Falta liver function test (determination of urobilin and urobilinogen in urine after a patient is prescribed 3.0 fel. tauri depurati per os on an empty stomach).
The author recommends the remedy as a mixture of 2/3 liter of milk heated to 38° and ⅓ liter of ordinary sugar syrup. It is necessary to strain the mixture through a sieve to remove the flakes.
The author aimed to trace the material of the Acad. Clinics of the V. Med. Ak. for 1918-22, to what extent these years were reflected in the course of surgical wounds in terms of their complication by infection.
The author describes in detail an extremely rare and little-known disease consisting of the deposition of concrements in the subcutaneous tissue, which consist of salts of phosphorous and carbonate lime (subcutaneous stones, calcinosis universalis interstitialis).
This treatment has its immediate purpose to achieve desolation of the aneurysmatic sac cavity by filling it with thrombotic masses with their subsequent organization. First proposed by Мооrе.
The number of duodenal ulcers is increasing progressively, and if this disease used to be rare, it is only because methods of recognition were insufficient. Instead of the recent 25%, duodenal ulcers now account for 50% of all gastric and duodenal ulcers.
The author warmly recommends treatment of sepsis with intravenous infusions of 1% calcium chloride solution (the method first proposed by Prof. Aleksinski). Although this method does not seem sufficiently theoretically justified, nevertheless P., on the basis of his observations, advises to resort to intravenous infusions of 1% solution of crystalline calcium chloride at 250-400 cfu for acute and subacute forms of sepsis where the well-known surgical methods of dissection and removal of infected nidi have been carried to completion and have not put the patient on the path to recovery.
Kalb suggested a new operation for ascites - excision of a section of peritoneum, with the appropriate muscles, in the trigonum Petiti- in order to allow ascitic fluid to be absorbed into the subcutaneous tissue.
Surgical correction of rickety curvatures of the lower extremities is currently achieved either by a staged osteotomy followed by plastering, or by subperiosteal extirpation of the curved bone (Springer), or by redressing after preliminary bone softening by fixing it in a plaster cast (Anzolétti, Roehrke), or by some other less popular methods.
The author suggests sterile parchment paper rolled up into a tube as wound drainage. This paper does not irritate wounds, does not gum, does not stick, is easy to remove, and drains very well.
The author recommends the following operation, which gave him very favorable results: general anesthesia; no tourniquet; incision through the distal transverse fold of the palm; thorough excision of the entire wrinkled fasciae palmaris from the base of the palm to the base of the fingers.
The disadvantage of the former methods of correcting this dislocation is, according to Genelidze, not good enough fixation of the scapula. To achieve this fixation, the author advises laying the patient on the patient's side on the table, which fixes the scapula.
The author used parenteral injection of women's milk (milk was boiled for 10' and injected warm intramuscularly or subcutaneously every 2-4 days, 4-5 times on average, in doses of ½-2 q cent. in children, 1-3 q cent. in adults, then 3 - 4, rarely up to 5 q cent.) in 33 cases of various surgical diseases.
Addressing this issue on the basis of a number of statistics reported by different authors, Zweifel concludes that pregnancy can last more than 302 days, moreover, if you count it not only from the first day of the last period in a woman, but also from the day of a fruitful intercourse.
The author recommends early surgery in all cases of such fractures, which should usually be preceded by a radiological study of the shape and position of the fracture fragments.
The process of organization and regeneration of bone grafts takes several years according to anatomical and clinical studies. The author establishes several stages in it.
The author describes two cases he observed where there was undoubtedly a transmission of malaria plasmodia from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
A new perspective on the treatment and prevention of teat fissures is expressed by Hinderfeldt, who recommends abandoning the old methods of "tanning" and using methods of loosening.
Rectal examination during childbirth has been used by the author in Bern for more than 10 years. In vaginal examination, the % of febrile p. partum—11.2, in rectal examination—5.5; postpartum mortality in vaginal examination—0.12%, in rectal examination—0%.
The author has successfully tried quinine-vusin derivative in purulent mastitis. After puncturing the abscess with a thick cannula he recommends filling its cavity with 1:400 vusin solution. With more extensive abscesses the operation has to be repeated.
As is well known, French authors have long pointed out that pregnancy is characterized by a certain "insuffisance hépatique", that the functions of this organ are significantly impaired in pregnant women. Among German researchers, this view has found both supporters (Hofbauer) and opponents (Schickelе).
New principles in the radiotherapy of uterine bleeding have been introduced since Horsley, Aschner and Biedel showed that the disabling of the anterior part of the cerebral appendage causes a sharp atrophy of the ovaries and uterus, and Szenes, Jurasz and Stefan found that lighting the spleen leads to an increase in fibrin-enzyme in the blood and acts in a hemostatic manner.
New views on the essence of dysmenorrhea and the so-called Schultze posterior parametrium are expressed by Opitz, who considers these conditions as a particular manifestation of increased irritability (hypertonia) of the smooth muscles of the female genitalia.
The author obtained excellent results in menorrhagia, in the sense of reducing bleeding, from luteoglandol (an extract from the yellow bodies of the ovary of a cow); in contrast, ovoglandol (an extract from the ovary without yellow bodies) found a favorable therapeutic effect in amenorrhea.
Babinski's and Oppenheim's symptoms are well known not only to neurologists, but also to every clinician as signs of lesions of the pyramidal pathway obtained from the lower extremities. Along with them, other "pyramidal" symptoms from the lower extremities, which are less permanent, are also well studied (S. Mendel-Behterev, Rossolimo et al.) The case with the upper extremities is different, although Léri and Mayer described similar reflexes from them as well.
The indication for such therapy is the diagnosis of hypofunction of the ovary in hypoplastic-asthenic constitution of the genitals, while the status adiposo-genitalis serves as a contraindication.