Standardization of the physical development research in the pediatric population of the Russian Federation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studying the processes of growth and development in the pediatric population is crucial because of the significance of the pre-nosological approach aimed at primary disease prevention.

AIM: This study aimed to provide the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF) with normative data on the physical development of children and adolescents aged 7–17 years.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytical investigation was conducted using the large-scale database, Physical Development of Children, Adolescents, and Youth in the Russian Federation, 2000–2021c, which contains 395,956 observations of physical development (body length and body weight measurements) in children, adolescents, and youth from 49 constituent entities of RF. Constituent entities where regional normative data had never been developed or where the last norms were established 15–20 years ago or earlier were emphasized. At least two constituent entities were analyzed in each federal district. Big data processing was performed using machine learning methods on a PostgreSQL database. A web application was developed featuring tabular data display, histogram generation with customizable parameters, and the publication of data on a map of the RF.

RESULTS: At the beginning of the 21st century, specific features of physical development were established among schoolchildren living in various constituent entities of the RF, which allows for the identification of “regional scenarios” that should be considered when developing normative standards. We found that the mean height of 15-year-old boys across the constituent entities ranged from 161.70 ± 0.20 cm in the Kursk Region to 174.55 ± 0.40 cm in the Krasnodar Region (range: 12.85 cm, p = 0.001). In girls, the mean height ranged from 154.60 ± 0.50 cm in the Republic of Tyva to 165.69 ± 0.55 cm in Saint Petersburg (range: 11.09 cm, p = 0.001). The body weight of 15-year-old boys ranged from 50.17 ± 0.70 kg in the Kursk Region to 66.00 ± 0.80 kg in the Khabarovsk Region (range: 15.83 kg, p = 0.001). In girls, the weight ranged from 46.90 ± 0.60 kg in the Chelyabinsk Region to 58.40 ± 0.70 kg in the Khabarovsk Region (range: 8.50 kg, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Forty regional normative standards for the physical development of the pediatric population were developed in a standardized manner, allowing for the consideration of regional characteristics and enabling their practical application in healthcare across the constituent entities of the RF.

Keywords

children / adolescents / physical development / regional normative standards

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