Some features of intrauterine development of capillaries in the head and neck area

Abstract

BACKROUND: The development of capillaries in human embryogenesis is a multi-stage process influenced by genetic factors and signaling pathways, which is of interest in studying the mechanisms of vascular bed formation in the prenatal period of human development.

AIM: To study the development of capillaries in the embryonic and early fetal periods and determine the morphological prere­quisites leading to the formation of developmental defects.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The biomaterial of 50 embryos and fetuses from 4 to 12 weeks was studied. A histological and electron microscopic examination of the specimens was performed in the axial plane at the level of both jaws and neck. The volume fraction of capillaries and muscle fibers in the structure of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was determined. Data on the volume fraction of each component were presented as median and interquartile range. Quantitative analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney methods with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTS: At the 4th week, a capillary network began to develop from the mesenchyme, which took on a complete form by the 8th–10th week. The proportion of capillaries increased from the 6th to the 10th week, and by the 12th week it decreased. A statistically significant pattern of changes in the ratio of the proportion of capillaries in muscles with the volume fraction of muscle fibers itself was revealed. As the mass of the muscle fibers themselves increased, the proportion of capillaries in it decreased significantly from 1.92 (1.77; 2)% at 4–6 weeks of embryogenesis to 0.25 (0.23; 0.26)% at 10–12 weeks.

CONCLUSION: The critical period for the development of capillaries is the intrauterine period from the 4th to the 12th week of development, when in the structure of muscles as an organ, the vascular component first prevails over the muscular component itself, and then sharply decreases.

Keywords

embryogenesis / vasculogenesis / capillaries / hyperplasia of blood vessels / infantile hemangioma

References

[1] Bychkova IYu, Abduvosidov KA, Roginskiy VV. The role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of congenital hyperplasia of blood vessels in the head and neck in children (literature review). Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2022;7(1):37–47. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.29413/ABS.2022-7.1.5.

[2] Бычкова И.Ю. Абдувосидов Х.А., Рогинский В.В. Роль гипоксии в патогенезе врождённой гиперплазии кровеносных сосудов в области головы и шеи у детей (обзор литературы). Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2022;7(1):37–47. DOI: 10.29413/ABS.2022-7.1.5.

[3] Roginskiy VV, Nadtochiy AG, Grigoryan AS, Sokolov YuYu, Soldatskiy YuL, Nerobeev AI, Kotlukova NP, Babichenko II, Bliznyukov OP. Atlas patologii sosudov golovy i shei. (Atlas of vascular pathology of the head and neck.) Roginskiy VV, editor. M.: Liberi plyus; 2021. 448 p. (In Russ.)

[4] Рогинский В.В., Надточий А.Г., Григорьян А.С., Соколов Ю.Ю., Солдатский Ю.Л., Неробеев А.И., Котлукова Н.П., Бабиченко И.И., Близнюков О.П. Атлас патологии сосудов головы и шеи. Под общ. ред. В.В. Рогинского. М.: Либери плюс; 2021. 448 с.

[5] Culver JC, Dickinson ME. The effects of hemodynamic force on embryonic development. Microcirculation. 2010;17(3):164–178. DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00025.x.

[6] Yu Y, Flint AF, Mulliken JB, Wu JK, Bischoff J. Endothelial progenitor cells in infantile hemangioma. Blood. 2004;103(4):1373–1375. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2859.

[7] Petrenko VM. Osnovy embriologii. Voprosy razvitiya v anatomii cheloveka. (Fundamentals of embryology. Developmental issues in human anatomy.) SPb.: DEAN; 2003. 400 p. (In Russ.)

[8] Петренко В.М. Основы эмбриологии. Вопросы развития в анатомии человека. СПб.: ДЕАН; 2003. 400 с.

[9] Eichmann A, Yuan L, Moyon D, Lenoble F, Pardanaud L, Breant C. Vascular development: From precursor cells to branched arterial and venous networks. Int J Dev Biol. 2005;49(2–3):259–267. DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.041941ae.

[10] Lugin IA. Features of intertissue interactions in the processes of morphogenesis of organs with a heterogeneous origin of tissue components. Mir meditsiny i biologii. 2012;4. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-mezhtkanevyh-vzaimodeystviy-v-protsessah-morfogeneza-organov-s-geterogennym-proishozhdeniem-tkanevyh-komponentov (access date: 02.08.2023) (In Russ.)

[11] Лугин И.А. Особенности межтканевых взаимодействий в процессах морфогенеза органов с гетерогенным происхождением тканевых компонентов. Мир медицины и биологии. 2012;4. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-mezhtkanevyh-vzaimodeystviy-v-protsessah-morfogeneza-organov-s-geterogennym-proishozhdeniem-tkanevyh-komponentov (дата обращения: 02.08.2023).

[12] Reva IV, Garmash AI, Sadovaya YAO, Shindina AD, Indyk MV, Kalinin IO, Shek LI, Furgal AA, Sorokin VA, Reva GV. The vessels development characteristics in the human embryon. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamentalnykh issledovaniy. 2018;(3):189–198. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17513/mjpfi.12173.

[13] Рева И.В., Гармаш А.И., Садовая Я.О., Шиндина А.Д., Индык М.В., Калинин И.О., Шек Л.И., Фургал А.А., Сорокин В.А., Рева Г.В. Характеристика развития сосудов эмбриона человека. Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. 2018;(3):189–198. DOI: 10.17513/mjpfi.12173.

[14] Roman BL, Pekkan K. Mechanotransduction in embryonic vascular development. Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2012;11(8):1149–1168. DOI: 10.1007/s10237-012-0412-9.

[15] Tozer S, Bonnin MA, Relaix F, Di Savino S, García-Villalba P, Coumailleau P, Duprez D. Involvement of vessels and PDGFB in muscle splitting during chick limb development. Development. 2007;134(14):2579–2591. DOI: 10.1242/dev.02867.

[16] Kolonin KV. Biochemistry of angiogenesis in normal and pathological conditions. In: Nauka i obrazovanie: otechestvennyy i zarubezhnyy opyt. (Science and education: domestic and foreign experience.) Belgorod: OOO GiK; 2019. р. 263–281. (In Russ.)

[17] Колонин К.В. Биохимия ангиогенеза в норме и при патологии. В сб.: Наука и образование: отечественный и зарубежный опыт. Белгород: ООО ГиК; 2019. с. 263–281.

[18] Tybinka AM. Structure and development of vessels in the intestinal mesentery. Naukovij vіsnik Lvіvskogo nacіonalnogo unіversitetu veterinarnoї medicini ta bіotekhnologіj іmenі SZ Ґzhickogo. 2017;78(19):62–67 (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15421/nvlvet7813.

[19] Тыбинка А.М. Структура и развитие сосудов брыжейки кишечника. Науковий вісник Львівського національного університету ветеринарної медицини та біотехнологій імені С.З. Ґжицького. 2017;78(19):62–67. DOI: 10.15421/nvlvet7813.

[20] Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Chelyustno-litsevaya khirurgiya. (National manual. Maxillofacial Surgery.) AA Kulakov, editor. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2019. 696 p. (In Russ.)

[21] Национальное руководство. Челюстно-лицевая хирургия. Под ред. А.А. Кулакова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2019. 696 с.

[22] Gupta A. Histopathology of vascular anomalies. Clin Plast Surg. 2011;1(38):31–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2010.08.007.

[23] Mulliken J, Burrows PE, Fishman SJ. Vascular Anomalies Hemangiomas and Malformations. 2th ed. N.Y.: Oxford University Press; 2013. 1095 p.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector