Study of indicators of the immune status in HIV-infected patients with concurrent allergic pathology

Abstract

Aim. To study the indicators of the immune status and manifestations of allergic diseases in HIV-infected patients in the Novgorod region.

Methods. We studied the data of HIV-infected patients living in the Novgorod region for the years 2000–2021. A total of 1020 cases of HIV infection were studied, in which 121 (12%) patients were diagnosed with allergic reactions. In patients with allergic manifestations, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid content was measured by the polymerase chain reaction method, and the indicators of the immune status (the content of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, the levels of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ cells, immunoregulatory index) were assessed. For statistical analysis, the Student's test (t) was used to assess the statistical significance of diffe¬rences in immune status indicators, and the Pearson χ2 test to assess the statistical significance of differences in allergic manifestations in patients with HIV.

Results. The subjects of the study were divided into 2 groups based on the levels of HIV viral load. Analysis of these groups using the Pearson χ2 test showed a statistically significant (p <0.012) correlation between high viral load and the development of drug hypersensitivity reaction in HIV-infected patients. The following etiology of allergic reactions was determined among the subjects: drug (59%), food (19%), pollen (5.7%), household (5.7%), che¬mical (1.9%), unspecified (6.7%). The study of the immune status in two groups did not reveal statistically significant differences (p >0.05). The study of the immune status indicators in HIV-infected patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions and different levels of viral load revealed a significantly higher level of CD3+ cells (p <0.003) in patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions and detectable viral load.

Conclusion. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the immune status of HIV-infected patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions living in the Novgorod region compared with HIV-infected patients without drug allergies.

Keywords

HIV / allergy / immunology / drug hypersensitivity

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