Features of obesity treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Abstract

In the past few decades, the worldwide prevalence of such nosological forms as gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity has been increasing. The combination of these pathologies is more often observed in patients who have nutrition and lifestyle issues, as well as genetic predisposition to these nosologies. Patients with obesity are noted to have predisposition to diaphragmatic hernias and mechanical damage of gastroesophageal junction, which occurs against the background of increased intragastric pressure and increased pressure gradient between the stomach and esophagus, as well as due to extension of the proximal part of the stomach. One of the basic pathogenetic moments of gastroesophageal reflux disease is spontaneous relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. According to recent studies, in obesity the frequency of postprandial spontaneous relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter increases even in the absence of diaphragmatic hernia, non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease and reflux esophagitis. The variety of metabolic disorders observed in these patients requires a comprehensive approach to treatment, aimed both at effective reduction of the acid-peptic factor and at correction of excessive body weight. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods are distinguished among the main treatment directions for both components of this combined pathology. An important role in therapy is given to activities that contribute to the maintenance of healthy lifestyle: smoking cessation, weight loss, dietary nutrition, health-improving physical culture. Among medications for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity, which allow achieving an optimal acid-reducing effect, specific attention is assigned to a group of proton pump inhibitors (H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors), which have a lower affinity for hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system, do not affect its activity and do not clinically significantly cross-react with other drugs.

Keywords

gastroesophageal reflux disease / obesity / metabolic syndrome / proton pump inhibitors / treatment

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