Blood and vitreous humor cytokine profile in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and post-vitrectomy hemophthalmia

Abstract

Aim. To study vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) blood and vitreous humor levels in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDRP) and post-vitrectomy hemophthalmia. Methods. 82 patients (82 eyes) with PDRP and post-vitrectomy hemophthalmia present 2 months (from 55 to 78 days) after performed vitrectomy were examined. Results. In patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDRP) and post-vitrectomy hemophthalmia VEGF blood level remained normal in 92.7% of cases, TNF-α blood level was normal at all times, blood level of IL-1β was within normal ranges in 93.8% of cases, and IL-1RA blood level was decreased in 74.4% of cases. Vitreous humor level was above normal ranges for VEGF - in 84% of cases, for TNF-α - in 9,9% of cases, IL-1β vitreous humor level was within reference ranges at all times, and IL-1RA vitreous humor level was decreased in 84.1% of cases. Conclusion. The gained data indicates further vascular proliferation in the eye cavity as a leading factor for hemorrhage relapses, despite the vitrectomy performed.

Keywords

cytokines / proliferative diabetic retinopathy / hemophthalmia / vitrectomy / vitreous fluid

References

[1] Носов С.В. Тактика лечения поздних поствитрэктомических гемофтальмов у больных сахарным диабетом // Офтальмохирургия. - 2011. - №3. - С. 53-56.

[2] Погорелый Д.Н., Путиенко А.А. Анализ причин развития гемофтальмов после витрэктомии у больных пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатией // Офтальмол. ж. - 2011. - №6. - С. 8-12.

[3] Bhavsar A.R. Diabetic retinopathy: the latest in current management // Retina. - 2006. - N 26. - Р. 71-79.

[4] Burgos R., Simo R., Audi L. et al. Vitreous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are not influenced by its serum concentrations in diabetic retinopathy // Diabetologia. - 1997. - N 40. - Р. 1107-1109.

[5] Doganay S., Evereklioglu C., Er H. et al. Comparison of serum NO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, sIL-2R, IL-6 and IL-8 levels with grades of retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus // Eye. - 2002. - Vol. 16, N 2. - Р. 163-170.

[6] Koleva-Georgieva D.N., Sivkova N.P., Terzieva D. Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and VEGF have influence on the development of diabetic retinopathy // Folia Med. (Plovdiv.). - 2011. - Vol. 53, N 2. - Р. 44-50.

[7] Murugeswari P., Shukla D., Rajendran A. et al. Proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and eales’ disease // Retina. - 2008. - Vol. 28, N 6. - Р. 817-824.

[8] Nader B., Nosratollah Z., Farid P. et al. Relationship between vitreous and serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels, control of diabetes and microalbuminuria in proliferative diabetic retinopathy // Clin. Ophthalmol. - 2012. - N 6. - Р. 185-191.

[9] Schoenberger S.D., Kim S.J., Sheng J. Increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and correlation with VEGF and inflammatory cytokines // Inv. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. - 2012. - Vol. 53. - P. 5906-5911.

[10] Steel D.H., Habib M.S., Park S. Entry site neovascularization and vitreous cavity hemorrhage after diabetic vitrectomy the predictive value of inner sclerostomy site ultrasonography // Ophthalmology. - 2008. - N 115. - Р. 525-532.

[11] Sydorova M., Lee M.S. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in vitreous and serum of patients with either proliferative diabetic retinopathy or proliferative vitreoretinopathy // Ophthalmic Res. - 2005. - N 37. - Р. 188-190.

[12] Watanabe D., Suzuma K., Suzuma I. et al. Vitreous levels of angiopoietin 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy // Am. J. Ophthalmol. - 2005. - N 139. - Р. 476-481.

[13] Zhou J.S., Wang X. Role of intravitreal inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in proliferative diabetic retinopathy // Xia. Curr Eye Res. - 2012. - Vol. 37, N 5. - Р. 416-420.

[14] Zhou H., Zhang H. A comparative study of vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy // Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. - 1997. - N 33. - P. 247-250.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Putienko A.A., Pogorely D.N.