Long-term results of early orthodontic treatment of children aged 3–5 years

Abstract

Background. The frequency of dentoalveolar anomalies and the severity of dentoalveolar disorders in children increases with age. Early orthodontic treatment allows to take advantage of the growth and eruption of teeth and stop pathological development before significant compensatory deformities of the dentition occur, which are more difficult to treat.

Aim. To study the long-term results of early orthodontic treatment of children aged 3–5 years.

Material and methods. A prospective study of the long-term results of orthodontic treatment in 50 children aged 3–5 years was carried out. The state of the dentoalveolar system of children was analyzed: the magnitude of the disproportion in the sagittal, transversal and vertical directions; direction and magnitude of displacement of the lower jaw; the presence of anomalies in the development of teeth before and 3.5 years after treatment. Statistical analysis was carried out using the program Statistica 13.3. The Shapiro–Wilk and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, asymmetry and kurtosis indicators, and the Student's test were used.

Results. A high frequency (52%) of cases of severe occlusion disorders was revealed (occlusion disorders in two planes — 44%, in three — 8%). Often there was a displacement of the lower jaw — 72%. These disorders require early orthodontic treatment. When analyzing the results of early orthodontic treatment after 3.5 years, physiological occlusion was established in 86% of cases: a decrease in the size of the direct sagittal fissure (before treatment 3.9±2.5, after treatment 1.1±1.5; p=0.000005); elimination of the reverse sagittal fissure (before treatment –0.8±0.5, after treatment 0.03±0.1; p=0.000000); decrease in the depth of vertical overlap (before treatment 4.6±0.6, after treatment 2.2±1.1; p=0.000043); elimination of the vertical gap (before treatment 3.12±1.3, after treatment 1.0±2.0; p=0.05011); elimination of exocclusion (before treatment 4.9±2.3, after treatment 0.3±0.9, p=0.000000); elimination of endocclusion (before treatment 5.5±0.7, after treatment 0.7±0.3, p=0.033475); elimination of the displacement of the lower jaw. In 14% of cases in children, the occlusion was not ideal, while the physiological development of the dentition was noted.

Conclusion. Early orthodontic treatment of children aged 3–5 years can eliminate severe disorders and, in most cases, create conditions for the physiological development of the dentoalveolar system.

Keywords

dentoalveolar anomalies / early orthodontic treatment

References

[1] Arzumanyan AG, Fomina AV. Analysis of prevalence and structure of dentoalveolar anomalies among schoolchildren. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2019;(3):5–8. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1609-2163-2019-16239.

[2] Арзуманян А.Г., Фомина А.В. Анализ распространённости и структуры зубочелюстных аномалий среди детей школьного возраста. Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2019;(3):5–8. DOI: 10.24411/1609-2163-2019-16239.

[3] Ayupova FS, Voskanyan AR. Prevalence and structure of dentoalveolar anomalies in children (literature review). Ortodontiya. 2016;(3):2–6. (In Russ.)

[4] Аюпова Ф.С., Восканян А.Р. Распространённость и структура зубочелюстных аномалий у детей (обзор литературы). Ортодонтия. 2016;(3):2–6. EDN: YZJUYH.

[5] Olesov EE, Kaganova OS, Fazilova TA, Mirgazizov MZ, Ilyin AA, Shugailov IA. Dynamics of structure and severity of dentoalveolar anomalies on the background of early orthodontic treatment during occlusion. Klinicheskaya praktika. 2019;10(3):19–25. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17816/clinpract10319-25.

[6] Олесов Е.Е., Каганова О.С., Фазылова Т.А., Миргазизов М.З., Ильин А.А., Шугайлов И.А. Динамика структуры и тяжести зубочелюстных аномалий на фоне раннего ортодонтического лечения в период сменного прикуса. Клиническая практика. 2019;10(3):19–25. DOI: 10.17816/clinpract10319-25.

[7] Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Chen L, Liu Y. Prevalence of malocclusion in 3- to 5-year-old children in Shanghai, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(3):328. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030328.

[8] Proffit UR. Sovremennaya ortodontiya. (Contemporary orthodontics.) 4th ed. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2017. 560 p. (In Russ.)

[9] Проффит У.Р. Современная ортодонтия. Изд. 4-е. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2017. 560 с.

[10] Persin LS. Ortodon-tiya. Diagnostika i lechenie zubochelyustno-litsevykh anomaliy i deformatsiy. (Orthodontics. Diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial anomalies and deformities.) Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2016. 640 p. (In Russ.)

[11] Персин Л.С. Ортодонтия. Диагностика и лечение зубочелюстно-лицевых аномалий и деформаций. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2016. 640 с.

[12] Shishmareva AS, Bimbas ES, Myagkova NV, Shishmareva YuS. Ortodonticheskiy apparat dlya lecheniya mezial'noy okklyuzii so smeshcheniem nizhney chelyusti vpered i obratnym reztsovym perekrytiem u detey doshkol'nogo vozrasta. (Orthodontic apparatus for the treatment of mesial occlusion with forward displacement of the lower jaw and reverse incisal overlap in preschool children.) Patent for utility model RF No. 2019135381. Bulletin No. 198418 U1 issued at 05.11.2019. (In Russ.)

[13] Шишмарева А.С., Бимбас Е.С., Мягкова Н.В., Шишмарева Ю.С. Ортодонтический аппарат для лечения мезиальной окклюзии со смещением нижней челюсти вперёд и обратным резцовым перекрытием у детей дошкольного возраста. Патент на полезную модель РФ №2019135381. Бюлл. №198418 U1 от 05.11.2019.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector