BACKGROUND: Confirmation of the operability of agricultural tractor transmission units is obtained by machinery manufacturers on the basis of bench tests. The development of technical solutions for test rigs for transmissions and load control systems with an approximation to operational modes is a relevant technical task.
AIMS: Development of technical solutions of test rigs for testing transmissions of tracked tractors and load management systems based on the analysis of operational loading of transmissions.
METHODS: An analysis of the operational loading of the transmissions of the DT and VT series tracked agricultural tractors was performed, based on the results of which the technical solutions for loading devices of test rigs were developed that allow reproducing loading modes with parameters statistically equivalent to the operational loading modes on the tested transmissions.
RESULTS: A technical solution is proposed for a test rig with a hydro-closed power circuit, in which a hydraulic loader with a rotating spool, by lifting and relieving the pressure of the working fluid in the pressure lines, forms a load on the parts of the tested transmission in accordance with the operational loading mode obtained as a result of preliminary analysis. A technical solution for a test rig with eccentric loaders is also proposed, in which a constant level of load on the tested transmission is created by hydraulic loaders acting on the track chains, and variable loads are formed by eccentric mechanisms and disturbances from the track chains rewinding.
CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed technical solutions of test rigs to conduct tests of tracked tractor transmissions with an increase in the degree of reliability of their results due to the approximation of the transmission loading conditions on the test rigs to the operational ones.
BACKGROUND: The necessity in intensification of agriculture with growing crop products needs demands constant improvement of soil-cultivating working bodies. Increase of field yield rate requires measures of their recultivation and melioration. Moreover, the demand in restoring crop acreage retired from crop rotation due to human economic activities.
AIMS: Justification of energy consumption of soil cultivating process with a tiller with V-shaped knives.
METHODS: Accomplishment of the given research tasks and calculation of the power demanded for operation of the proposed rotational mechanism with V-shaped knives, are done with resolution into components: power for overcoming of constant resistance, power for tillage process (deformation of soil shavings) and power of soil throwing-away. Processing of the theoretical data was performed with the Microsoft Office software package.
RESULTS: With the analysis of theoretical curves of influence of notion velocity and number of knives in plane of the proposed working body, it is apparent that having three knives in plane of the working body the resistance per knife almost doubles that leads to overall increase of soil resistance to the whole working body. Meanwhile, increase of motion velocity has a positive effect on lowering the reaction of soil on the working body.
CONCLUSIONS: With the analysis of the given data, it is observed that values of soil resistance change the tendency to the positive one with velocity increasing.
BACKGROUND: Solving the problem of efficient use of the Russian-produced energy-saturated 4K4b wheeled tractors of high (235–350 kW) power, which are the basis for the formation of an innovative fleet of mobile energy facilities in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, in zonal tillage technologies with velocity ranges limited by the requirements of agricultural technology and resource saving, is a relevant task.
AIMS: Determination the conditions for the reasonable configuration of the 4K4b wheeled tractors for operational tillage technologies.
METHODS: The basis for solving the problems to achieve the aim is the conditions and methods of a multi-level system of technological adaptation of wheeled tractors.
RESULTS: Based on the results of simulation and experiment, it was determined that the most reasonable method for adapting tractors to tillage technologies in terms of minimum labor costs and the level of capabilities implementation is the formation of the operating mass of the basic configuration at the nominal mode, corresponding to the optimal values of the specific mass at and m/s which are kg/kW for single wheels and kg/kW for dual wheels, with adjustable axle distribution. The scientific novelty of the study lies in building the model that helps to establish a reasonable traction range of a tractor of various configurations for operational tillage technologies with an interval of nominal operating velocities of 2.5–3.3 m/s, limited by the conditions of resource saving by the modes of maximum traction efficiency and acceptable slipping.
CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the developed recommendations for the reasonable configuration of tractors in tillage operations.
BACKGROUND: The digital transformation of various sectors of the national economy including agriculture is one of the main tasks of economic development. The implementation of digital technologies in production processes helps to improve the technical and economic indicators of production by ensuring the timely adoption of optimal management decisions, increasing labor productivity, and reducing the impact of the human factor on production. To ensure the digital transformation of agricultural production, first of all, it is necessary to assess the state of machinery and technology provision for agriculture, in particular, the tractor fleet, in terms of the level of equipment readiness for being equipped with digital systems and the availability of standard technical solutions for equipment adaptation to digital agriculture.
AIMS: Determination the expected values of indicators of the level of technical and technological state of agricultural production by developing a forecast for the development of the agricultural tractor fleet and the level of provision with these types of equipment for the period up to 2030 taking into account current trends.
METHODS: For the tractor fleet state assessment, the data taken from specialized databases on the tractor fleet and the area of arable land retired from active agricultural circulation, statistical materials of the Rosstat and Avtoselkhozmash-Holding organizations were used. Statistical extrapolation methods implemented in the Microsoft Excel environment were used to predict the development of the tractor fleet.
RESULTS: The forecast for the tractor fleet development was made according to two scenarios: pessimistic and optimistic, taking into account the use of digital technologies.
CONCLUSIONS: The development forecast made it possible to assess the state of the tractor fleet by 2030 according to various scenarios.
Based on the results of re-registration and based on the results of 2022, the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia included the journal Tractors and Agricultural Machinery in the list of peer-reviewed scientific publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the scientific degree of Candidate of Sciences, for the scientific degree of Doctor of Science should be published (information message ref. No. 02-1198 dated 12/06/2022).
And according to the coefficient of scientific significance, our journal is classified in category K1 (that is, in the top 25% of the total list of 2587 peer-reviewed scientific publications).
Tractors and Agricultural Machinery simultaneously expanded the list of scientific specialties in the branches of science in which academic degrees are awarded: six new specialties were added to the previous four.