The article considers the principles of mathematical modeling of thermodynamic and gasdynamic processes in modern diesel engine and in systems intended to reduce the harmful substances level in exhaust gases, namely in oxidation catalytic converter, in particulate filter with regeneration system and in selective catalytic reduction system for nitrogen oxides neutralization.

Technical level of precision seed drills for sugar and fodder beet is analyzed. Faults in their design and technology such as non-uniformity of seeding and seed germination, unsatisfactory process reliability are revealed. For the purpose of faults removal, it is proposed to equip drills additionally with new working organs.

The article analyzes the features of diesel engine cold start in conditions of low ambient temperature. A method for estimation of fuel combustion incompleteness in period of after start warming-up has been developed. Particular method estimating the efficiency of burned fuel heat utilization is proposed. Reliability of the proposed methods has been confirmed experimentally. The article outlines the ways of improving the efficiency and reliability of machines’ performance by means of reducing the warming-up time of engine and transmission unit in after start period.

Data on the dependence of Reynolds number (criterion) on air condition parameters and air flow speed are given. The results of study of Reynolds number effect on aerodynamic characteristic of geometrically similar fans in pre-self-similar area of this criterion are presented.

The article considers the influence of pitch of sole of a cutter with two-step F-shaped knives on the diameter of cutter drum.

Development of new equipment in laboratory conditions of soil bins will facilitate the registration of changing factors of research, will allow to use the processes modeling through constructing 3D models of machines, will provide the faithful reproduction of real conditions and the convenience for performing of all-season and continuous bench tests. As a result, it will speed up the creating of new machines.

Experimental prototype of two-section working fluid preparing device for serial mobile seed treaters has been developed. It is mounted with four-section filling neck and elastic inner tank, and it is capable of running in continuous mode during working shift.

A version of electronic stepless control of tractor motion speed by means of fuel feeding regulation under step changes of transmission ratios is described.

By means of modernization of the SC105 hand-held vibrating shaker made in Italy, a hand-held vibro-impact tree shaker has been developed; it provides increase of fruit harvesting efficiency and reduction of bark damage.

The plough hexagonal disk knife has been theoretically investigated, produced and tested in laboratory soil bin and in field conditions. Using of hexagonal knives instead of standard circular ones allows to reduce the traction resistance of tillage machine and to increase significantly the quality of ploughing.