A means of destroying sites of perennial root shoot weeds with pests and diseases in them

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The subject of the study is the technological process of protective spraying of agricultural crops using a combined method against perennial weeds in sites in the field using two pneumohydraulic devices with slot atomizers as part of an improved small-sized boom sprayer.

AIM: Development of a technical mean for exterminating sites of perennial root shoot weeds with pests and diseases in them.

METHODS: The developed pneumohydraulic devices were used for an improved mounted boom sprayer of plants to treat sites of perennial weeds in the field. Chemical spraying with combined use of the traditional method and the developed pneumohydraulic devices with axial fans and 12 V electric motors, ensuring the distribution of droplet liquid on the treatment surface with two sprayers over 4 meters, is able to reduce the amount of the applied chemicals compared to the conventional technology and to reduce the pesticide load on crop plants by local destruction of sites of weeds, pests and diseases. Based on the developed methods, the results of spraying the surface with a drop liquid with a known dispersion using slot sprayers and controlled liquid pressures with a dial gauge during experiments were obtained.

SCIENTIFIC NOVELTY: For the first time, a combined method and technical mean of achieving the research aim have been proposed for the destruction of sites of perennial weeds in the field and the diseases and pests of agricultural crops spread in them.

RESULTS: When using a mounted sprayer with two containers for working fluids of combined herbicide solutions or for an insecticide solution in one of the containers and installation of the improved pneumohydraulic devices on the edges of the boom with a conventional arrangement of slot atomizers, it is possible to meet agrotechnical requirements for the use of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. The simultaneous impact of large drops of herbicides on weeds and the penetration of small drops into plants will destroy sites of rhizome and root weeds with pests and diseases to ensure favorable conditions for the production of agricultural crops.

CONCLUSION: A combined method and the technical mean of chemical treatment of perennial weeds with pests and diseases to create favorable conditions for the production of cultivated plants has been experimentally substantiated. Compliance with the conditions is ensured by equipping the mounted sprayer with two containers, pumps for supplying liquid through hoses to slot atomizers, and installing pneumohydraulic liquid nozzles at the edges of the boom. Working liquid sprayers ensure spraying width of more than 4 m, taking into account the size of a site, as well as spraying inaccessible areas using conventional technical means. The efficiency of the developed combined protective spraying of agricultural crops against perennial weeds and pests by the technical mean of its implementation lies in the savings of expensive herbicides and insecticides up to 70% in the later stages of their growing season (as they grow over the field area) compared to the forced continuous application of the herbicide over the entire field area.

Keywords

method / sprayer / atomizer / fan / perennial weeds / pests / sites herbicides / insecticides / fungicides / technical means

References

[1] Federal scientific and technical program for the development of agriculture for 2017–2025. Moscow: Minobrnauki, 2017. (In Russ.) Accessed: 23.01.2024. Available from: https://minobrnauki.gov.ru/about/deps/dkdovssn/federalnaya-nauchno-tekhnicheskaya-programma-razvitiya-selskogo-khozyaystva-na-2017-2025-gody/

[2] Федеральная научно-техническая программа развития сельского хозяйства на 2017-2025 годы. М.: Минобрнауки, 2017. Дата обращения: 23.01.2024. Режим доступа: https://minobrnauki.gov.ru/about/deps/dkdovssn/federalnaya-nauchno-tekhnicheskaya-programma-razvitiya-selskogo-khozyaystva-na-2017-2025-gody/

[3] Turin EN. Control of perennial weeds. Effective agro-industrial complex. 2021;4(6):23. (In Russ.)

[4] Турин Е.Н. Борьба с многолетними сорняками // Эффективный АПК. 2021. № 4 (6). С. 23.

[5] Nikitin VV. Weeds of the flora of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka; 2003. (In Russ.)

[6] Никитин В.В. Сорные растения флоры СССР. Ленинград.: Наука, 2003.

[7] Vityazev VG, Lebedeva GF, Makarov IB, Samsonova VP. Section. Chemical measures for weed control. In: Workshop on general agriculture. Moscow: MGU; 2000:34–82. (In Russ.)

[8] Витязев В.Г., Лебедева Г.Ф., Макаров И.Б., Самсонова В.П. Раздел. Химические меры борьбы с сорняками. В кн.: Практикум по общему земледелию. М.: МГУ, 2000. С. 34–82.

[9] Kireev IM, Koval ZM, Zimin FA. Justification of the need for additional impact on the foci of perennial weeds when spraying against crop pests. Equipment and equipment for the village. 2023. No. 11 (317). pp. 14–17. (In Russ.)

[10] Киреев И.М., Коваль З.М., Зимин Ф.А. Обоснование необходимости дополнительного воздействия на очаги многолетних сорняков при опрыскивании от вредителей посевов // Техника и оборудование для села. 2023. № 11 (317). С. 14–17. doi: 10.33267/2072-9642-2023-11-14-17 EDN: PPAVUV

[11] Kireev IM, Koval ZM. Pockets of perennial weeds during the cultivation of corn and their control. In: Scientific and information support for innovative development of the agro-industrial complex. Materials of the XV International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh; 2023:186–197. EDN: DKHUNE (In Russ.)

[12] Киреев И.М., Коваль З.М. Очаги многолетних сорняков при возделывании кукурузы и борьба с ними. В кн.: Научно-информационное обеспечение инновационного развития АПК. Материалы XV Международной научно-практической конференции. М.: Росинформагротех, 2023. С. 186–197. EDN: DKHUNE.

[13] Zakharenko VA. Chemical plant protection in Russia at the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century. Figures and facts. Protection and quarantine of plants. 2008;8:47–50. (In Russ.)

[14] Захаренко В.А. Химическая защита растений в России в конце ХХ — начале XXI века. Цифры и факты // Защита и карантин растений. 2008. №8. С. 47–50.

[15] Kireev IM, Koval ZM, Danilov MV. Edge treatment of fields and shelter forest plantings from weeds and pests. Agrochemistry. 2023;7:64–74. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31857/S0002188123070062 EDN: OFUIHS

[16] Киреев, И.М., Коваль, З.М., Данилов М.В. Краевая обработка поля и полезащитных лесных насаждений от сорняков и вредителей // Агрохимия. 2023. № 7. С. 64–74. doi: 10.31857/S0002188123070062 EDN: OFUIHS

[17] Petukhov DA, Sviridova SA, Negreba ON. Results of research into innovative technologies for weed control in corn crops for grain. Equipment and equipment. for the village. 2018;7:22–26. (In Russ.)

[18] Петухов Д.А., Свиридова С.А., Негреба О.Н. Результаты исследований инновационных технологий борьбы с сорняками на посевах кукурузы на зерно // Техника и оборуд. для села. 2018. № 7. С. 22–26. EDN: XUAUS

[19] Revyakin EL, Krakhovetsky NN. Machines for chemical plant protection in innovative technologies: scientific. analyte review. M.: Rosinformagrotekh; 2010. (In Russ.)

[20] Ревякин Е.Л., Краховецкий Н.Н. Машины для химической защиты растений в инновационных технологиях: науч. аналит. обзор. Москва.: Росинформагротех, 2010.

[21] Kireev IM, Danilov MV, Koval ZM, Zimin FA. Aerosol technological process of field edge cultivation for the destruction of weeds and pests. Tractors and agricultural machines. 2023;90(3):273–284. doi: 10.17816/0321-4443-321236 (In Russ.)

[22] Киреев И.М., Данилов М.В., Коваль З.М., Зимин Ф.А. Аэрозольный технологический процесс краевой обработки поля для уничтожения сорняков и вредителей // Тракторы и сельхозмашины. 2023. Т. 90, № 3. С. 273–284. doi: 10.17816/0321-4443-321236 EDN: NSKMRF

[23] Catalog TeeJet Technologies 50A-RU. TeeJet Technologies [internet]. Accessed: 23.01.2024. Available from: https://www.teejet.com/ru-ru/-/media/dam/agricultural/europe/sales-material/catalog/cat51a_ru.pdf

[24] Каталог TeeJet Technologies 50A-RU. TeeJet Technologies [internet]. Дата обращения: 23.01.2024. Режим доступа: https://www.teejet.com/ru-ru/-/media/dam/agricultural/europe/sales-material/catalog/cat51a_ru.pdf

[25] GOST 34630-2019. Agricultural machinery. Plant protection machines. Sprayers. Test methods. — Enter. 2021–15–03. Moscow.: Standardinform; 2020. (In Russ.)

[26] ГОСТ 34630-2019. Техника сельскохозяйственная. Машины для защиты растений. Опрыскиватели. Методы испытаний. Введ. 2021–15–03. Москва.: Стандартинформ, 2020.

[27] Altshul AD, Kiselev PG. Hydraulics and aerodynamics (Fundamentals of fluid mechanics. Moscow: Stroyizdat; 1975. (In Russ.)

[28] Альтшуль А.Д., Киселёв П.Г. Гидравлика и аэродинамика (Основы механики жидкости). М.: Стройиздат, 1975.

[29] Koval ZM. Improving technology and technical means of protective spraying of agricultural crops [dissertation] Simferopol; 2022. (In Russ.) EDN: VYQNXX

[30] Коваль З.М. Совершенствование технологии и технических средств защитного опрыскивания сельскохозяйственных культур: дисc. ... д-р техн. наук. Симферополь, 2022. EDN: VYQNXX

Funding

Минсельхоз РоссииMinistry of Agriculture of Russia(082-00204-23-0)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector