The technology of cabbage harvesting with the use of the multiple-option harvester and the economic assessment of it

Abstract

BACKGROUND. In modern vegetable growing, mainly in conditions of small forms of management, low-cost technical means adapted to different agrotechnical and production conditions are the most in demand. Such a technical means, in particular, is a multivariate cabbage harvester of block design developed at the Chuvash State Agrarian University.

AIMS – identification of the features of the technology of harvesting cabbage with the use of a new cabbage harvester and its economic evaluation by use cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The layout of a multivariate cabbage harvester is provided in three versions with the ability to clean cabbage heads according to various technological schemes: shipment of cabbages in bulk to the body of the vehicle; shipment of cabbages to containers installed in the body of a tractor transport unit; shipment of cabbages first on a flexible flooring or on the web of a belt conveyor installed in the body of a tractor trolley over containers; distribution the flow of heads along the body of a tractor vehicle using longitudinal conveyors of the lower or upper location and with the subsequent transfer of heads from them to containers manually. It is proposed to choose the named technological schemes of cabbage harvesting with the use of a multivariate combine harvester on the farm based on the prevailing agrotechnical and production conditions, taking into account labor, direct and reduced costs, given in the work by calculation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Based on the results of economic calculations, labor costs, operating costs and reduced costs are established according to the proposed schemes for harvesting cabbage with the use of a multivariate combine. The proposed cabbage harvesting options are economical in terms of labor costs, operating costs and reduced costs compared to the basic option (in-line harvesting).

CONCLUSIONS. It is recommended to apply a specific scheme for harvesting cabbage using a multivariate combine based on the agrotechnical and production conditions in the farm, taking into account the results of the economic assessment.

Keywords

cabbage harvesting technology / use of a multiple-option harvester / labor costs / operating costs and total costs for options of harvesting

References

[1] Alatyrev SS, Kruchinkina IS, Alatyrev AS, et al. Technology and parameters of cabbage machine harvesting by careful stacking of heads in containers. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 2020;433:012005. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/433/1/012005

[2] Alatyrev S.S., Kruchinkina I.S., Alatyrev A.S., et al. Technology and parameters of cabbage machine harvesting by careful stacking of heads in containers // IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 2020. Vol. 433. P. 012005. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/433/1/012005

[3] Gao TH, Wang TB, Zhou ZC. Optimization experiment of influence factors on greenhouse vegetable harvest cutting. Transactions of the CSAE. 2015;31(19):15–21. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.19.003

[4] Gao T.H., Wang T.B., Zhou Z.C. Optimization experiment of influence factors on greenhouse vegetable harvest cutting // Transactions of the CSAE. 2015. Vol. 31(19). P. 15–21. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.19.003

[5] Chagnon R, Eng P, Charles MT, et al. Development of a Cabbage Harvester. ASAE Annual Meeting. 2004. doi: 10.13031/2013.17892

[6] Chagnon R., Eng P., Charles M.T., et al. Development of a Cabbage Harvester // ASAE Annual Meeting. 2004. doi: 10.13031/2013.17892

[7] Du DD, Fei GQ, Wang J. Development and experiment of self-propelled cabbage harvester. Transactions of the CSAE. 2015;31(14):16. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.14.003

[8] Du D.D., Fei G.Q., Wang J. Development and experiment of self-propelled cabbage harvester // Transactions of the CSAE. 2015. Vol. 31(14). P. 16. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.14.003

[9] Geng DY, Zhand TZ, Luo H. Analysis of agricultural machinery development trend in our country. Transactions of the CSAM. 2004;4:208.

[10] Geng D.Y., Zhand T.Z., Luo H. Analysis of agricultural machinery development trend in our country // Transactions of the CSAM. 2004. N 4. P. 208.

[11] Wu XW, Sun Y, Yuan XK. Discussion on structure of self-propelled hydraulic cabbage harvester. South Agricultural Machinery. 2015;11:35. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.14.003

[12] Wu X.W., Sun Y., Yuan X.K. Discussion on structure of self-propelled hydraulic cabbage harvester // South Agricultural Machinery. 2015. Vol. 11. P. 35. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.14.003

[13] Murakami N, Otsuka K, Inoue K, et al. Development of robotic cabbage harvester (Part 2). Journal Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery. 1999;61(5):93. doi: 10.11357/jsam1937.61.5_93

[14] Murakami N., Otsuka K., Inoue K., et al. Development of robotic cabbage harvester (Part 2) // Journal Japanese Society Of Agricultural Machinery. 1999. Vol. 61(5). P. 93. doi: 10.11357/jsam1937.61.5_93

[15] Hachiya M, Amano T, Yamagata M, et al. Development and utilization of a new mechanized cabbage harvesting system for large fields. JARQ. 2004;38(2):97. doi: 10.6090/jarg.38.97

[16] Hachiya M., Amano T., Yamagata M. et al. Development and utilization of a new mechanized cabbage harvesting system for large fields // JARQ. 2004. Vol. 38(2). P. 97. doi: 10.6090/jarg.38.97

[17] Kanamitsu M, Yamamoto K. Development of Chinese cabbage harvester. JARQ. 1996;30(1):35.

[18] Kanamitsu M., Yamamoto K. Development of Chinese cabbage harvester // JARQ. 1996. Vol. 30(1). P. 35.

[19] Patent BY № 17155 / 30.06.2013. Byul. № 3. Shilo IN, Agnechik VA, Romanyuk NN, et al. Kapustouborochnyy kombayn. (in Russ). Accessed: 06.07.2023. Available from: https://rep.bsatu.by/bitstream/doc/18071/1/Kapustouborochnyj-kombajn-pat-17155-Respublika-Belarus-MPK-A01D-45-26.pdf

[20] Патент Республика Беларусь № 17155 / 30.06.2013. Бюл. № 3. Шило И.Н., Агнечик В.А., Романюк Н.Н., и др. Капустоуборочный комбайн. [дата обращения: 06.07.2023] Режим доступа: https://rep.bsatu.by/bitstream/doc/18071/1/Kapustouborochnyj-kombajn-pat-17155-Respublika-Belarus-MPK-A01D-45-26.pdf

[21] Kostyuchenkova ON. Obosnovanie parametrov i rezhimov raboty universalnoy kapusto-uborochnoy mashiny [disserattion] Chelyabinsk; 2012. (in Russ).

[22] Костюченкова О.Н. Обоснование параметров и режимов работы универсальной капустоуборочной машины: автореф. дисс. … кандидат техн. наук. Челябинск, 2012.

[23] Alatyrev AS, Alatyrev SS, Kruchinkina IS. Technology for machine harvesting cabbage with placing heads of cabbage in containers. Vestnik Chuvashskoy gosudarstvennoy selskokhozyaystvennoy akademii. 2021;4(19):81–87. (in Russ). doi: 10.32634/0869-8155-2022-359-5-116-121

[24] Алатырев А.С., Алатырев С.С., Кручинкина И.С. Технология машинной уборки капусты с укладкой кочанов в контейнеры // Вестник Чувашской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. 2021. № 4(19). С. 81–87. doi: 10.32634/0869-8155-2022-359-5-116-121

[25] Kruchinkina IS, Alatyrev AS, Alatyrev SS, et al. Production testing of a multi-variant cabbage harvester. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2021;14(1(68)):27–40. (in Russ). doi: 10.53914/issn2071-2243_2021_1_27

[26] Кручинкина И.С., Алатырев А.С., Алатырев С.С.и др. Производственная проверка многовариантного капустоуборочного комбайна // Вестник Воронежского государственного аграрного университета. 2021. Т. 14, № 1(68). С. 27–40. doi: 10.53914/issn2071-2243_2021_1_27

[27] Patent RUS № 2769127 / 28.03.2022. Byul. № 10. Kruchinkina IS, Alatyrev AS, Alaty-rev SS. Sposob uborki kochannoy kapusty i ustroystvo dlya ego osushchestvleniya. (in Russ). Accessed: 06.07.2023. Available from: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2769127C1_20220328

[28] Патент РФ № 2769127 / 28.03.2022. Бюл. № 10. Кручинкина И.С., Алатырев А.С., Алатырев С.С. Способ уборки кочанной капусты и устройство для его осуществления. [дата обращения: 06.07.2023] Режим доступа: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2769127C1_20220328

[29] Patent RUS № 2554403 / 27.06.2015. Byul. № 18. Alatyrev SS, Yurkin AP, Voronin VV, et al. Sposob uborki kochannoy kapusty i ustroystvo dlya ego osushchestvleniya. (in Russ). Accessed: 06.07.2023. Available from: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2554403C1_20150627

[30] Патент РФ № 2554403 / 27.06.2015. Бюл. № 18. Алатырев С.С., Юркин А.П., Воронин В.В. Способ уборки кочанной капусты и устройство для его осуществления. [дата обращения: 06.07.2023] Режим доступа: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2554403C1_20150627

[31] Patent RUS № 2787720 / 11.01.2023. Byul. № 2. Alatyrev AS, Kruchinkina IS, Alatyrev SS, et al. Ustroystvo dlya osushchestvleniya otgruzki kochanov kapustouborochnoy mashinoy. (in Russ). Accessed: 06.07.2023. Available from: https://patents.s3.yandex.net/RU2787720C1_20230111.pdf

[32] Патент РФ № 2787720 / 11.01.2023. Бюл. № 2. Алатырев А.С., Кручинкина И.С., Алатырев С.С.и др. Устройство для осуществления отгрузки кочанов капустоуборочной машиной. [дата обращения: 06.07.2023] Режим доступа: https://patents.s3.yandex.net/RU2787720C1_20230111.pdf

[33] Patent RUS № 2791685 13.03.2023. Byul. № 8. Alatyrev AS, Kalimullin MN, Kruchinkina IS, et al. Sposob uborki kochannoy kapusty i ustroystvo dlya ego osushchestvleniya. (in Russ). Accessed: 06.07.2023. Available from: https://new.fips.ru/iiss/document.xhtml?faces-redirect=true&id=470de224d14685808a308241d70d9081

[34] Патент РФ № 2791685 13.03.2023. Бюл. № 8. Алатырев А.С., Калимуллин М.Н., Кручинкина И.С. и др. Способ уборки кочанной капусты и устройство для его осуществления. [дата обращения: 06.07.2023] Режим доступа: https://new.fips.ru/iiss/document.xhtml?faces-redirect=true&id=470de224d14685808a308241d70d9081

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector