Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The results of R&D for the laboratory prototype of the unit for grass seeds oversowing on mountain slopes, which can increase labor efficiency and mountain forage lands yield by 20-25%, are presented.

AIMS: The developed laboratory prototype of a block module based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds, providing with an accelerated increase in the yield of perennial grasses and soil resistance to water and wind erosion.

METHODS: Technical expertise and testing of the unit and technology were carried out in the mountainous zone of the Republic of North Ossetia– Alania (Dargava basin, the base station of the Institute) at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The indicators of the test conditions and functional performance of the unit were determined according to the OST 10.5.1-2000 industry standard. Technical examination of the unit was carried out according to the OST 10.2.1-97. Surface sowing of grass seeds was carried out according to GOST 31345-2017. The subject of research included the technology of grass seeds oversowing, the design of the unit and working bodies: pendular sowing machines, seeding rates and method of sowing.

METHODS: The laboratory prototype of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds has been developed and manufactured. The block module is a hinged structure with a two-row arrangement of containers for grass seeds and with pendular sowing machines. In the design of the small-sized mountain unit, motion across the slope from top to bottom is performed with a shuttle method with rolling of the sown seeds by press wheels. The grass was oversown on a rarefied section of the northern slope with a slope angle of 13–16° on the “Sugsadtanrag” terrain.

CONCLUSIONS: The practical application of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds with their subsequent pressing in areas in highland and piedmont areas ensures detaining of degradation processes of slope areas, accelerated increase in yield, quality and quantity of perennial grasses, improves soil resistance to water and wind erosion.

Keywords

block module / seeds / oversowing / mountains / slopes / mini-tractor / grass mixtures / perennial grasses / meadows / pastures

References

[1] Zotov AA, Khismatulin MM. Improvement and use of natural hayfields and pastures of the middle Volga region. Kazan: Zur Kazan; 2015. (in Russ.)

[2] Зотов А.А., Хисматулин М.М. Улучшение и использование природных сенокосов и пастбищ среднего Поволжья. Казань: Зур Казан. 2015.

[3] Zhang Zh,Yu K, Siddique K, et al. Phenology and sowing time affect water use in four annual herbs of the warm season under semi-arid conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2019;269–270:257–269. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.028

[4] Zhang Z., Yu K., Siddique K.H.M., et al. Phenology and sowing time affect water use in four warm-season annual grasses under a semi-arid environment // Agricultural and forest meteorology. 2019. Vol. 269–270, N 16. P. 257–269. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.02.027

[5] Kutuzova AA, Trofimova LS, Provornaya EE. Methodology for assessing energy flows in meadow agroecosystems. 3rd ed. Moscow: Ugreshskaya tipografiya; 2015. (in Russ.)

[6] Кутузова А.А., Трофимова Л.С., Проворная Е.Е. Методика оценки потоков энергии в луговых агроэкосистемах. М.: Угрешская типография. 2015.

[7] Mamiev DM. Prospects for the development of biological farming in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. Scientific life. 2019;14(9(97)):1396–1402. (in Russ.) doi: 10.35679/1991-9476-2019-14-9-1396-1402

[8] Мамиев Д.М. Перспективы развития биологического земледелия в РСО – Алания // Научная жизнь. 2019. Т. 14, . С. 1396–1402. doi: 10.35679/1991-9476-2019-14-9-1396-1402

[9] Djibilov SM, Gulueva LR. Sposob poverhnostnogo uluchsheniya gornyh lugov i pastbishch [The method of surface improvement of mountain meadows and pastures. Proceedings of the Gorsky State Agrarian University. 2013;50(1):171–174. (in Russ.)

[10] Джибилов С.М., Гулуева Л.Р. Способ поверхностного улучшения горных лугов и пастбищ // Известия Горского государственного аграрного университета. 2013. Т. 50, № 1. С. 171–174.

[11] Patent RUS 2431248 / 20.10.2011 Djibilov SM, Gulueva LR, Gabaraev FA, et al. Sposob podseva semian trav (in Russ.) Accessed: 27.02.2023. Available from: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2415538&TypeFile=html

[12] Патент РФ 2415538 / 10.04.2011. Бюл. № 10. Джибилов С.М., Гулуева Л.Р., Габараев Ф.А., и др. Способ подсева семян трав. Дата обращения: 27.02.2023. Режим доступа: https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2415538&TypeFile=html

[13] Kutuzova AA, Teberdiev DM, Rodionova AV, et al. Economic efficiency of improved technologies for the creation and use of seeded hayfields. Kormoproizvodstvo. 2020;3:3–8. (in Russ.)

[14] Кутузова А.А., Тебердиев Д.М., Родионова А.В., и др. Экономическая эффективность усовершенствованных технологий создания и использования сеяных сенокосов // Кормопроизводство. 2020. № 3. С. 3–8.

[15] Soldatova IE, Soldatov ED. Creation of highly productive hayfields and pastures in the mountainous zone of the North Caucasus. Proceedings of Gorsky State AgrarianUniversity. 2017;54(3):9–14. (in Russ.)

[16] Солдатова И.Э., Солдатов Э.Д. Создание высокопродуктивных сенокосов и пастбищ в горной зоне Северного Кавказа // Известия Горского государственного аграрного университета. 2017. Т. 54, № 3. С. 9–14.

[17] Savchenko IV. Resource-saving organic crop production for high quality products. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 2019;89(5):527–531. (in Russ.)

[18] Савченко И.В. Ресурсосберегающее экологически чистое растениеводство для получения продукции высокого качества // Вестник Российской академии наук. 2019. Т. 89, № 5. С. 527–531.

[19] Djibilov SM, Gulueva LR, Bestaev SG. Ripper of row spacing - hiller of uterine bushes in the nursery. Proceedings of the Gorsky State Agrarian University. 2014;51(4):201-207. (in Russ.)

[20] Джибилов С.М., Гулуева Л.Р., С.Г. Бестаев. Рыхлитель междурядий - окучник маточных кустов в плодопитомнике // Известия Горского государственного аграрного университета. 2014. Т. 51, № 4. С. 201–207.

[21] Zavalin AA, Sokolov OA, Shmyreva NYa. Ecology of nitrogen fixation. Saratov: Amrit; 2019. (in Russ.)

[22] Завалин А.А., Соколов О.А., Шмырева Н.Я. Экология азотфиксации. Саратов: Амрит. 2019.

[23] Kyul EV, Apazhev AK, Kudzaev AB, Borisovа NA. Influence of anthropogenic activity on transformation of landscapes by natural hazards. Indian Journal of Ecology. 2017;44(2):239–243.

[24] Kyul E.V., Apazhev A.K., Kudzaev A.B., et al. Influence of anthropogenic activity on transformation of landscapes by natural hazards // Indian Journal of Ecology. 2017. N 44(2). P. 239–243.

[25] Kudzaev AB, Urtaev TA, Tsgoev AE, et al. Adaptive energy-saving cultivator. Rural mechanizer. 2019;2:8–9.

[26] Кудзаев А.Б., Уртаев Т.А., Цгоев А.Э., и др. Адаптивный энергосберегающий культиватор // Сельский механизатор. 2019. № 2. С. 8–9.

[27] KudzaevAB, Urtaev TA, Tsgoev AE, et al. Adaptive energy-saving cultivator equipped with the simultaneous adjuster of sections for working stony soils. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2017;8(11):714–720.

[28] Kudzaev A.B., Urtaev T.A., Tsgoev A.E., et al. Adaptive energy-saving cultivator equipped with the simultaneous adjuster of sections for working stony soils // International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2017. № 8(11). 714–720.

[29] Kudzaev AB, Urtaev TA, Tsgoev AE, et al. Study of elastic composite rods for creating fuses of tilthers. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 2017;8(11):658–666.

[30] Kudzaev A.B., Urtaev T.A., Tsgoev A.E., et al. Study of elastic composite rods for creating fuses of tilthers // International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 2017. № 8(11). 658–666.

[31] Djibilov SM, Soldatov ED, Gulueva LR, et al. A way to solve the problem of degradation of mountain pastures in the Central Caucasus. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2020;6(197):10–16. doi: 10.32417/1997-4868-2020-197-6-10-16

[32] Джибилов С.М., Солдатов Э.Д., Гулуева Л.Р., и др. Способ решения проблемы деградации горных пастбищ Центрального Кавказа // Аграрный вестник Урала. 2020. № 6(197). С. 10–16. doi: 10.32417/1997-4868-2020-197-6-10-16

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector