On the question of secondary use of exhaust exergy in power units of vehicles and tractors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Efficiency of modern internal combustion engines is no more than 40%, while the significant part of exergy, released during fuel combustion, dissipates in the environment through exhaust, coolant liquid and heated details. Meanwhile, the urgent problem of operating a tractor in low ambient temperature conditions is sustaining of optimal thermal condition for the sake of decreasing of losses, increasing of combustion efficiency and, as a consequence, increasing of operating efficiency.

AIMS: Efficiency assessment of use of the complex system of utilization of thermomechanical exergy of diesel engine exhaust. Justification of type and number of stages of exhaust exergy utilization for diesel engines of vehicles and tractors for a wide range of ambient temperatures and loading conditions.

METHODS: To accomplish given aims, theoretical and experimental studies were carried out in order to assess exhaust exergy potential in dependence on engine loading conditions and ambient temperature. Comparative studies of the D-440 and the SMD-62 engines were carried out, making it possible to assess the influence of exhaust system design features on amount of exergy losses.

RESULTS: Exhaust performance losses of the SMD-62 engine with the TKR-11N-1 turbocharger at nominal mode were 0.8. Meanwhile, maximal exhaust performance losses at idle mode are 0.92. Authors suggested the special method of analysis of certain exhaust exergy components, which allows analyzing possible ways of its secondary use. The obtained equations determine quantitative and qualitative ratios between exhaust exergy components in comparison to maximal exhaust exergy potential to be utilized.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on experimental data analysis and its statistical processing, it follows that middle powered engines have limited resources of waste heat. Theoretically, it should be enough for ensuring the turbocharger operation and sustaining of thermal condition in a gearbox and a cooling system in winter.

Keywords

utilization / waste heat / exhaust / exergy / exergy potential / losses / diesel engine / recuperative heat exchanger / turbocharger

References

[1] Heywood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. Mc Graw Hill Education; 2018.

[2] Heywood J.B. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. Mc Graw Hill Education, 2018.

[3] Krokhta GM, Khomchenko EN, Usatykh NA. Osnovnye rezul‘taty ispytanii traktora DT-75T, oborudo-vannogo dvigatelem s dvumya urovnyami postoyannoi moshchnosti. Proceedings of the 9th Russian regional science conference «Sostoyanie i innovatsii tekhnicheskogo servisa mashin i oborudovaniya»; 2019 Nov 11–12; Novosibirsk. Izdatel’skii tsentr NGAU «Zolotoi kolos»; 2019. (In Russ).

[4] Крохта Г.М., Хомченко Е.Н., Усатых Н.А. Основные результаты испытаний трактора ДТ-75Т, оборудованного двигателем с двумя уровнями постоянной мощности // XI региональная научно-практическая конференция студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, посвященная 75-летию Инженерного института «Состояние и инновации технического сервиса машин и оборудования»; Ноябрь 11–12, 2019; Новосибирск. Издательский центр НГАУ «Золотой колос», 2019.

[5] Mirmov NI, Mirmov IN. Absorbtsionnye kholodil’nye mashiny dlya polucheniya otritsatel’nykh temperatur okhlazhdeniya. Proceeedings of BTSU. Issue 1, Forestry, Nature Management, Processing of Renewable Resources. 2017;(2):328–341. (In Russ).

[6] Мирмов Н.И., Мирмов И.Н. Абсорбционные холодильные машины для получения отрицательных температур охлаждения // Труды БГТУ. Серия 1: Лесное хозяйство, природопользование и переработка возобновляемых ресурсов. 2017. № 2. С. 328–341.

[7] Getman VV, Lezhneva NV. Metody utilizatsii teploty ukhodyashchikh gazov ot energeticheskikh ustanovok. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2013;16(12):104–107. (In Russ).

[8] Гетман В.В., Лежнева Н.В. Методы утилизации теплоты уходящих газов от энергетических установок // Вестник Казанского технологического университета, 2013. Т. 16, № 12. С. 104–107.

[9] Vedruchenko VR, Krainov VV, Zhdanov NV, et al. Choosing utilization scheme of free-piston engines exhaust gases and estimating engines real heat consumption in the structure of cogeneration engine. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. 2015;1:114-119. (In Russ).

[10] Ведрученко В.Р., Крайнов В.В., Жданов Н.В., и др. Выбор схемы утилизации тепла отработавших газов поршневых ДВС и оценка полезного теплоиспользования в составе когенерационной установки // Омский научный вестник. 2015. № 1. С. 114–119.

[11] Sayin Kul B, Kahraman A. Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Containing 5% Bioethanol. Entropy. 2016;18(11). doi: 10.3390/e18110387

[12] Sayin Kul B., Kahraman A. Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Containing 5% Bioethanol // Entropy. 2016. Vol. 18, N 11. doi: 10.3390/e18110387

[13] Belov PN. Buryachko VR, Akatov EI. Dvigateli armeiskikh mashin, chast’ Ι. Teoriya. Moscow: Voenizdat; 1971. (In Russ).

[14] Белов П.Н. Бурячко В.Р., Акатов Е.И. Двигатели армейских машин, часть Ι. Теория. Москва: Воениздат, 1971.

[15] Arkharov AM, Isaev SI, Kozhinov IA. Teplotekhnika: Uchebnik dlya studentov vtuzov. Moscow: Mashinostroenie; 1986. (In Russ).

[16] Архаров А.М., Исаев С.И., Кожинов И.А. Теплотехника: учебник для студентов втузов. Москва: Машиностроение, 1986.

[17] Patent SU №1590588/ 07.09.1990. Byul. №33. Krokhta GM, Usatykh NA, Romanov VI. Method of I.C. engine operation. Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=40664264 (In Russ).

[18] Патент СССР на изобретение № 1590588/ 07.09.1990. Бюл. № 33. Крохта Г.М., Усатых Н.А., Романов В.И. Способ работы двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=40664264 Дата обращения: 20.08.2022.

[19] Krokhta GM, Khomchenko EN. Eksergeticheskaya otsenka effektivnosti gazoturbinnogo nadduva traktor-nogo dvigatelya. Vestnik NGAU. 2013;(1):135–140. (In Russ).

[20] Крохта Г.М., Хомченко Е.Н. Эксергетическая оценка эффективности газотурбинного наддува тракторного двигателя // Вестник НГАУ. 2013. № 1. С. 135–140.

[21] Brodyanskii VM. Eksergeticheskii metod i perspektivy ego razvitiya. Teploenergetika. 1988;(2):14–17. (In Russ).

[22] Бродянский В.М. Эксергетический метод и перспективы его развития // Теплоэнергетика. 1988. № 2. С. 14–17.

[23] Krokhta GM. Osobennosti ekspluatatsii traktorov v usloviyakh nizkikh temperatur: monografiya. Novosibirsk: «Zolotoi kolos»; 2017. (In Russ).

[24] Крохта Г.М. Особенности эксплуатации тракторов в условиях низких температур: монография. Новосибирск: «Золотой колос», 2017.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector