Results of experimental studies of the plow for coupling with drawbar category 3 tractors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: For the cultivation of agricultural crops, the technology of basic dump tillage is widely used. More than 40% of energy resources are spent on it, due to the traction resistance of the working bodies of general-purpose plows. The technological process of plowing with such bodies has not changed much historically. Pruning of the soil layer is carried out with a ploughshare, crumbling and turning are carried out with a blade, the stability of the movement of the body is provided by a landside plate. At the same time, the resistance of a landside plate accounts for up to 20% of the total component of the traction resistance of the plow body. To reduce the traction resistance, the plow body without a landside plate has been developed in the Saratov State Agrarian University.

AIMS: Determination of towing and operational characteristics of the PBS-5M ploughshare for coupling with drawbar category 3 tractors and operation on heavy loamy soils.

METHODS: The experiments were carried out on the field, cultivated with a disk harrow after winter barley harvesting, in Novokubansky district of Krasnodar Region. The 0–30 cm soil layer had moisture ranged from 16.4 to 19.7% and hardness ranged from 1.86 to 2.74 MPa. The mass of plant and crop residues on the site averaged 185 g/m², and the average height of weed plants was 10.8 cm.

RESULTS: The towing and operational characteristics of the plowing unit, consisting of a serial T-150K drawbar category 3 tractor and an experimental PBS-5M plow, have been determined. The experiments were carried out for two variants of the plow. The first variant has the five-body configuration of the plow with the working grip width of 2.83 m and the plowing depth of 22 cm. The second variant has the four-body configuration of the plow with the working grip width of 2.27 m and the plowing depth of 30 cm. The driving mode of the first variant of the T-150K+PBS-5M unit varied in the operating velocity range from 7.27 to 9.2 km/h, the driving mode of the second variant of the unit was with the operating velocity up to 5.72 km/h. The energy intensity of the five-body plow was determined, corresponding to the traction and power characteristics of a drawbar category 3 tractor with a small power reserve of 2.87%. The PBS-5M four-body plow requires the power, almost equal to the operational power of the T-150K tractor engine.

CONCLUSIONS: As a result of experimental studies of the T-150K+PBS-5M plowing unit when processing the field, cultivated with a disk harrow after winter barley harvesting, it was found that the plow can be coupled with tractors of drawbar category 3. The reasonable mode of operation of the plow with the five-body configuration is provided at the velocity of 7–8 km/h and the plowing depth of 21–22 cm. The output during the main operation time of the unit was 2.1–2.3 ha/h, the fuel consumption was 12.9–12.7 kg/ha. The specific energy consumption of the unit was 47.5–46.78 kWh/ha, and the specific energy consumption of the plow was 31.26–31.4 kWh/ha. The engine load with the track skidding of 6.9–9.7% was 78–86%. With increasing unit velocity and increasing plowing depth, the values of the specific energy consumption of the unit and the plow raise as well. In field studies, it was found that it is necessary to use the tractor of higher drawbar category in order to couple the plow for the velocity up to 10 km/h and the plowing depth up to 30 cm in these agrotechnical conditions.

Keywords

plow / tractor / unit / velocity / grip width / depth / power / towing force / performance / fuel consumption

References

[1] Panov IM, Orlov NM. Osnovnye puti snizheniya energozatrat pri obrabotke pochvy. Traktory i sel’khozmashiny. 1997;8:27–30. (In Russ).

[2] Панов И.М., Орлов Н.М. Основные пути снижения энергозатрат при обработке почвы // Тракторы и сельхозмашины. 1997. Т. 8. С. 27–30.

[3] Borodychev V.V., Shevchenko V.A., Novikov A.E., i dr. Energeticheskaya otsenka tyagovo-ekspluatatsionnykh pokazatelei chizel’nykh i lemeshnykh orudii na tyazhelosuglinistykh oroshaemykh pochvakh. Plodorodie. 2017;(6):31–34. (In Russ).

[4] Бородычев В.В., Шевченко В.А., Новиков А.Е. Энергетическая оценка тягово-эксплуатационных показателей чизельных и лемешных орудий на тяжелосуглинистых орошаемых почвах // Плодородие. 2017. №. 6. С. 31–34.

[5] Khalanskii VM, Gorbachev IV. Sel’skokhozyaistvennye mashiny. Moscow: Koloss; 2003. (In Russ).

[6] Халанский В.М., Горбачев И.В. Сельскохозяйственные машины. Москва: Колосс, 2003.

[7] Trubilin EI, Belousov SV, Lepshina AI. The results of experimental studies to determine the degree of traction resistance reversible plow in heavy soils. Polythematic network electronic scientific journal of Kuban State Agrarian University. Available from: http://ej.kubagro.ru/2014/09/pdf/41.pdf (In Russ).

[8] Трубилин Е.И., Белоусов С.В., Лепшина А.И. Результаты экспериментальных исследований определения степени тягового сопротивления лемешного плуга при обработке тяжелых почв // Политематический сетевой электронный научный журнал Кубанского государственного аграрного университета. Режим доступа: http://ej.kubagro.ru/2014/09/pdf/41.pdf Дата обращения 20.06.2022.

[9] Vasilenko V.V., Vasilenko S.V., Khakhulin A.N. Plug s polnym oborotom plastov. Vestnik VGAU: Teoreticheskii i nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal. 2015;(4):122–125. (In Russ).

[10] Василенко В.В., Василенко С.В., Хахулин А.Н. Плуг с полным оборотом пластов // Вестник ВГАУ: Теоретический и научно-практический журнал. 2015. № 4. С. 122–125.

[11] Trubilin E.I., Konovalov V.I., Konovalov S.I., et al. Тheoretical justification of parameters of a plow cylindrical field board. Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University. 2018;(137):46–60. (In Russ).

[12] Трубилин Е.Е., Коновалов В.И., Коновалов С.И. Теоретическое обоснование параметров цилиндрической полевой доски плуга // Политематический сетевой электронный научный журнал Кубанского государственного аграрного университета. 2018. № 137. С. 46–60.

[13] Nikolaev VA, Popov DV. Energy consumption for overcoming friction of plough landside against the soil. Traktory i sel’khozmashiny. 2010;(11):18–20. (In Russ).

[14] Николаев В.А., Попов Д.В. Затраты энергии на преодоление трения полевой доски плуга о почву // Тракторы и сельхозмашины. 2010. № 11. С. 18–20.

[15] Svechnikov PG. Forma dvugrannogo klina s minimal’nym zalipaniem. Traktory i sel’khozmashiny. 2011;(12):24–25.

[16] Свечников П. Г. Форма двугранного клина с минимальным залипанием // Тракторы и сельхозмашины. 2011. № 12. С. 24–25.

[17] Burchenko PN. Mekhaniko-tekhnologicheskie osnovy pochvoobrabatyvayushchikh mashin novogo pokoleniya: monografiya. Moscow: VIM; 2002. (In Russ).

[18] Бурченко П.Н. Механико-технологические основы почвообрабатывающих машин нового поколения: монография. Москва: ВИМ, 2002.

[19] Afonin AE. Povyshenie effektivnosti ispol’zovaniya otval’nykh plugov sovershenstvovaniem rabochikh organov. [dissertation]. Michurinsk, 2007. Available from: https://tekhnosfera.com/povyshenie-effektivnosti-ispolzovaniya-otvalnyh-plugov-putyom-sovershenstvovaniya-rabochih-organov (In Russ).

[20] Афонин А.Е. Повышение эффективности использования отвальных плугов совершенствованием рабочих органов: автореф. дис... канд. техн. наук. Мичуринск, 2007. – 18 с. Режим доступа: https://tekhnosfera.com/povyshenie-effektivnosti-ispolzovaniya-otvalnyh-plugov-putyom-sovershenstvovaniya-rabochih-organov Дата обращения 20.06.2022.

[21] D’yachenko TN, Antibas I. Kharakter peremeshcheniya pochvy po poverkhnosti klinovogo rabochego organa. Vestnik DGTU. 2003;3(1):53–60. (In Russ).

[22] Дьяченко Т.Н., Антибас И. Характер перемещения почвы по поверхности клинового рабочего органа // Вестник ДГТУ. 2003. Т. 3, № 1. C. 53–60.

[23] Lobachevskii YaP. Vliyanie sil treniya i prilipaniya pochvy na tekhnologicheskii protsess pochvoobrabatyvayushchikh rabochikh organov. Razvitie tekhnicheskoi bazy agropromyshlennogo kompleksa. 2000:47–53. (In Russ).

[24] Лобачевский Я.П. Влияние сил трения и прилипания почвы на технологический процесс почвообрабатывающих рабочих органов // Развитие технической базы агропромышленного комплекса. 2000. С.47–53.

[25] Klenin NI, Kiselev SN, Levshin AG. Sel’skokhozyaistvennye mashiny. Moscow: Koloss; 2008. (In Russ).

[26] Клeнин Н.И., Киселeв С.Н., Левшин А.Г. Сельскохозяйственные машины. Москва: Колосс, 2008.

[27] Mudarisov SG, Gabitov II, Lobachevsky YP, et al. Modeling the technological process of tillage. Soil and Tillage Research. 2019;190:70-77. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2018.12.004

[28] Mudarisov S.G., Gabitov I.I., Lobachevsky Y.P., et al. Modeling the technological process of tillage // Soil and Tillage Research. 2019. Vol. 190, N P. 70–77. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2018.12.004

[29] Mudarisov SG, Rakhimov IR, Razbezhkin NI. Modelirovanie iznosa korpusa pluga. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2006;(8):35–37. (In Russ).

[30] Мударисов С.Г., Рахимов И.Р., Разбежкин Н.И. Моделирование износа корпуса плуга // Достижения науки и техники АПК. 2006. № 8. C. 35–37.

[31] Putrin AS. Osnovy proektirovaniya rabochikh organov dlya rykhleniya pochv, nakhodyashchikhsya za predelami fizicheski spelogo sostoyaniya. [dissertation]. Orenburg, 2003. (In Russ).

[32] Путрин А.С. Основы проектирования рабочих органов для рыхления почв, находящихся за пределами физически спелого состояния: дис. ... д-ра техн. наук. Оренбург, 2003.

[33] Navesnye plugi PBS. Available from: https://plugipbs.rf/Accessed Jun 20, 2022. (In Russ).

[34] Навесные плуги ПБС. Режим доступа: https://плугипбс.рф/ Дата обращения 20.06.2022.

[35] Sravnitel’nyi analiz tekhnicheskogo urovnya plugov po rezul’tatam ispytanii na mashinoispytatel’nykh stantsiyakh. FGBU GITs. 2014:110. (In Russ).

[36] Сравнительный анализ технического уровня плугов по результатам испытаний на машиноиспытательных станциях // ФГБУ ГИЦ. 2014. C. 110.

[37] Karabanitskii AP, Yudina EM, Tsybulevskii VV, et al. Teoreticheskoe obosnovanie parametrov energosberegayushchikh mashinno-traktornykh agregatov. Maslov G.G. editor.Krasnodar: KubGAU; 2014. (In Russ).

[38] Карабаницкий А.П., Юдина Е.М., Цыбулевский В.В. Теоретическое обоснование параметров энергосберегающих машинно-тракторных агрегатов / под. ред. Г.Г. Маслова. Краснодар: КубГАУ, 2014.

[39] GOST 27021-86 (ST SEV 628-85). Traktory sel’skokhozyaistvennye i lesokhozyaistvennye. Tyagovye klassy. Available from: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data2/1/4294827/4294827535.pdf (In Russ).

[40] ГОСТ 27021-86 (СТ СЭВ 628-85). Тракторы сельскохозяйственные и лесохозяйственные. Тяговые классы. Режим доступа: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data2/1/4294827/4294827535.pdf Дата обращения: 20.06.2022.

[41] Kashuba B.P. Traktor T-150K. Tekhnicheskoe opisanie i instruktsiya po ekspluatatsii. Khar’kov: Prapor, 1983.

[42] Кашуба Б.П. Трактор Т-150К. Техническое описание и инструкция по эксплуатации. Харьков: Прапор, 1983.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector