Relevance. Etiology, prevention and treatment of ovarian tumors in postmenopausal patients is an actual scientific issue.

Materials and methods. The paper presents the data of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis, obtained in retrospective study of case histories of postmenopausal patients with benign ovarian tumors (n = 120);

The data regarding patients’ basic complaints are given, the period from the moment of addressing for medical aid to the moment of surgical treatment was analyzed.

Results. The study results showed that ovarian tumors were predominantly diagnosed in patients at late menopause (stage +2 по STRAW+10, Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop). In most patients, chronic inflammatory diseases of the ovaries and uterus neck were detected in anamnesis. It is important to note that for the examined patients, frequent combination of ovarian tumors with endometrial pathology was not typical, hyperplasia cases had mostly benign course, however atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium was verified in 3 patients out of 120. The basic complaints were pains in the lower parts of the abdomen. The time from the moment of addressing for medical aid to the moment of surgery was on average 5–6 months.

Conclusions. Ovarian tumors were predominantly revealed in patients of late postmenopausal age with concomitant gynecological pathology in anamnesis.

Objective. To study the clinical laboratory and anamnestic features in extremely premature newborns with hemodynamically significant functioning arterial duct.

Prematurity is an actual medical and social problem. Functioning arterial duct (FAD) is one of the most significant manifestations of cardiovascular system immaturity in extremely premature newborns.

Materials and methods. The study involved the data from 100 premature newborns (birth body mass 500 to 1500 and gestation age <32 weeks), who were born from October 2018 to April 2020 in Perm Regional Perinatal Center. According to standard EchoCG criteria, patients were divided into 2 groups: main group – patients with hemodynamically significant open arterial duct (HS FAD) and comparison group – those with insignificant FAD. All clinical laboratory studies were implemented on the third day of life.

Results. The main group included 46 extremely premature infants with hemodynamically significant FAD, the comparison group – 54 with hemodynamically insignificant FAD. Parity of labor reliably differed: 73.9 % (34/46) of mothers in the main group were primiparas and 40.7 % (22/54) in the comparison group, (p = 0.001). Pregnancy course with the threat of miscarriage was significantly more often noted in the main group – 73.9 % (34/46) of cases and 38.9 % (21/54) of cases in the comparison group, (р = 0.001). Comparative analysis of peripheral blood indices detected significant differences in thrombocytopenia, which occurred more often in the main group than in the comparison group: 52.2 % (24/46) versus 29.6 % (16/54), (p = 0.022).

Conclusions. Significant differences were established according to the parity of labor, threat of miscarriage. The threat of miscarriage reliably rises chances for giving birth to a child with HS FAD by 3.5 times, in the first labor the chance for giving birth to a child with HS FAD is increased by 4.3 times. Thrombocytopenia occurred more often in the main group versus the comparison group.

Objective. To assess the state of lipid metabolism indicators and predict cardiovascular risk in patients with secondary (acquired) hypogonadism on the background of androgen replacement therapy. Testosterone replacement therapy is often used in modern medicine for diagnosed androgen deficiency in patients of any age group. There are quite a lot of publications devoted to diagnosis and treatment, but the effectiveness and safety of any therapy is determined by several factors, of which two were considered in the presented study – dose-dependent effect and compliance.

Material and methods. Sixty two patients aged 30 to 52 years with androgen deficiency and a low risk of developing cardiovascular diseases were examined according to the Princeton Consensus criteria. Patients were divided into groups depending on the severity of androgen deficiency and the duration of therapy. Complaints, objective status, muscle strength, daily blood pressure and heart rate monitoring data, lipidogram and sex hormone indicators were evaluated.

Results. The obtained data suggest that androgen replacement therapy in doses that lead to an increase in the level of testosterone in the blood above the upper limit of reference values had a negative impact on the lipid spectrum and increased cardiovascular risk for this group of patients.

Conclusions. The analyzed approach to therapy of androgen deficiency should provide an individual adjustment of dosage on the background of determining the target blood testosterone level.

Objective. The aim of this work was to obtain the primary cell lines of brain malignant tumors using the explant method.

Materials and methods. Thirteen patients of both sexes, aged 22 to 66, were recruited. The tumor material of the patients was fragmented and placed in flasks with complete nutrient medium for glial tumor cells. Subsequently, the material was photographed at various stages of cultivation, the cell morphology was determined, and the rate of monolayer formation at the zero and first passages was assessed.

Results. As a result, thirteen primary human cell lines of glial tumors were obtained: six glioblastoma lines, two glioblastoma lines with anaplastic astrocytoma, one anaplastic oligodendroglioma line, one diffuse astrocytoma line, one oligoastrocytoma line and one diffuse protoplasmic astrocytoma line, one anaplastic astrocytoma line. In the culture of diffuse astrocytoma, there were observed the cells forming a network at the bottom of the flask. In the culture of anaplastic astrocytoma at a confluence of 30–50 %, fibroblast-like cells were presented, and at a confluence of 100 %, a monolayer was formed with cells intimately adjacent to each other. In the culture of oligoastrocytoma, both fibroblast-like cells and islets of closely intertwined fusiform cells were observed. The same was typical for the cells of diffuse protoplasmic astrocytoma. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma during the first week of cultivation was represented mainly by round cells with a contrast agent, which subsequently attached and actively proliferated. At a confluence of 30–80 %, fibroblast-like cells were observed, and at 100 %, spindle-shaped cells closely adjacent to each other. In cultures of glioblastomas, no specific character of cell growth was revealed: spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like cells and cells with long processes forming a network were encountered. Glioblastoma cultures against the background of anaplastic astrocytoma were represented by a network of cells with long processes.

At the zero passage, the rate of formation of a 100 % confluence monolayer ranged from 22 to 85 days. At the first passage, the cells reached a full monolayer within 4 to 25 days. At the zero passage, the longest time among all the samples to form the monolayer with a 100 % confluence needed glioblastoma lines – on average 59 days. The shortest time to reach a 100 % confluence was required for cells of diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma against the background of anaplastic astrocytoma – 22–24 days.

Conclusions. In our work, it was shown that the explant method ensures the production of viable cells of glial tumors and the possibility of their further cultivation.

Objective. To estimate the efficiency of using remote technologies and provision of unique service of functional diagnosis in the framework of corporative system of the net of medical institutions, territorially distant from each other.

Nowadays, a wide introduction of IT-technologies in medicine has a perspective and priority significance in conditions of unfavorable epidemiological situation including sickness rate of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

Materials and methods. The efficiency of remote methods was analyzed and assessed using the results of studies among the workers of “RZhD” and contractual enterprises.

Results. Remote consultations permit to increase the number of applied methods of investigation, give the opportunity to obtain qualified conclusions, consolidate information in general database allowing to fill up medical staff deficiency.

Conclusions. Thus, patients obtain operatively made unified medical conclusions, which are transferred via defended channels of “Internet”.

Foreign sources of literature regarding the issue of aortic surgery are analyzed. Special attention is paid to aortic valve replacement using the Ozaki technique.

The first replacement of aortic valve cusps with synthetic material was implemented by H. Th. Bahnson in 1959; he implanted the neocusp from Teflon. Nowadays, so as to replace the aortic valve, mechanical, biological valves, homotransplants, autotransplants and valves imitated endovascularly are actively applied. All the above mentioned types of the valves have both merits and demerits, therefore each patient should have an individual approach. When choosing the prosthesis and type of surgical intervention, cardiosurgeons take into account the following factors: patient’s age, availability of concomitant diseases (atrial fibrillation, chronic renal disease, malignant tumors), presence of small aortic ring, aortic dilatation, availability of other valve diseases, infectious endocarditis, first or repeated surgery on the valve as well as pregnancy or planning of pregnancy. In 2007, Shigeyuki Ozaki proposed the technique for replacement of all aortic valve cusps from autopericardium treated with 0.6 % glutaraldehyde solution. This surgery permits to form the aortic valve with excellent hemodynamic characteristics and low rate of reoperation in the early and remote periods. Aortic valve replacement using Ozaki technique is a perspective technique and good alternative for surgical treatment of aortic valve along with prostheses.