Range of application of heat pump systems on various natural refrigerants

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The utilization of heat pumps (variation of vapor compressing machines) for heat transfer between different temperature levels is a promising development trend, considering their low-cost heat energy, environmental friendliness of working media, economically sufficient solutions, and low-cost maintenance. Heat pumps are used for heating in building structures, where low potential heat sources include wastewater streams, groundwater streams, air, and the heat of the soil. The low potential heat of heat emissions from industrial plants may also be used, which can be cost-effective in terms of production resource usage.

AIMS: This study aims to select a refrigerant and its composition to provide operational stability for heat pumps at temperature levels from 48°C to 95°C with minimum energy consumption for the most widespread thermodynamical cycles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard thermodynamic cycles of heat pumps were simulated using the Aspen HYSYS software. Further optimization and parameter selection was performed using the MATLAB module Global Optimization Toolbox.

RESULTS: In compliance with demanded design parameters, the results of each working medium simulation were obtained. Energy-efficient parameters of common heat pump thermodynamical cycles were determined.

CONCLUSIONS: According to the exergy analysis of the thermodynamical cycles, mixed refrigerants, pentane, and ammonia were determined as the most suitable and energy-efficient working fluids for heat pumps.

Keywords

heat pump / natural refrigerants / zeotropic mixtures / exergy efficiency

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