Peyronie's disease (PD) is an inflammatory and fibrotic disease which results in disfiguring and often distressing penile curvature deformity, affecting up to one in nine men in the United States, and between 0.3% and 13.1% of men globally. It progresses through an acute phase, associated with pain, as the fibrosis develops. In the quiescent phase, penile pain ceases and deformity stabilizes. The precise etiology remains unknown despite ongoing work to elucidate the biological underpinning. The diagnosis is guided by history and physical examination. Except for ultrasonography, imaging is not routinely recommended. Current management is predicated on symptomatic control and slowing progression in the acute phase, and correction of bothersome curvature in the stable phase. Most nonsurgical treatment options are poorly supported by available evidence, with the exceptions of traction therapy and certain intralesional injections. Surgical treatment, considered only after stabilization, is guided by severity and the presence or absence of erectile function and is highly individualized. Investigations are ongoing into several areas, including the exact biological mechanisms leading to plaque formation and failure of resolution; the effects of co-existing systemic disease; the role of imaging in diagnosis and surgical planning; combination and regenerative nonsurgical therapies; and improvements in surgical techniques. As diagnostic accuracy improves and targeted treatments become available, management of PD will become progressively tailored to an individual's particular disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding PD, including etiology and epidemiology, diagnosis, management, cutting-edge research, and future directions in care of this condition.

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a serious form of male infertility with therapeutic options limited to trials of endocrine manipulations and repertoire of surgical interventions, also known as surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) procedures. Despite its invasive nature, SSR remains crucial in the management of NOA, offering infertile males the opportunity of fathering their biological children using assisted reproductive technologies. Success rates of SSR are variably governed by several factors including the genetic background, preoperative endocrine optimization, testicular histopathology, surgeon's microsurgical expertise, and laboratory technological and technical team's capability. This paper explores the significant role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the process of sperm retrieval among NOA patients. The role of AI has evolved from basic predictive models used for outcome assessment and patient counseling, to advanced image processing capabilities for assessing sperm parameters, and now to cutting-edge applications in identifying the rare sperm present in the azoospermic microdissection testicular sperm extraction tissue samples.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition among aging men, often leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of varying severity. Both medical and surgical treatments for BPH can negatively impact sexual function, affecting patients' overall quality of life. This has highlighted the need for minimally invasive interventions that minimize sexual side effects. Rezum, a water vapor therapy, has gained popularity in managing BPH and LUTS due to its proposed potential to preserve sexual function. This scoping review examines the impact of Rezum therapy on sexual function in patients treated for BPH. The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases up to August 2024. Articles were included if they involved patients treated with Rezum for BPH and reported the effect of Rezum on sexual function using validated scoring tools. A total of 15 studies encompassing 2,425 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Erectile function was assessed in all studies using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores. Of these, seven studies reported no significant changes in erectile function scores, six demonstrated improvements, and two reported a significant decline. Ejaculatory function was evaluated using the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ). The MSHQ-Bother score was reported in seven studies, with three indicating improvement and none reporting deterioration. The MSHQ-Function score was reported in eight studies, with only one study reporting a decline, while the remaining studies found no significant changes. In conclusion, Rezum therapy for managing BPH shows favorable outcomes for sexual function or, at the very least, does not negatively impact it. These findings can guide patient counseling, especially for those seeking to preserve ejaculation. Further research is needed to compare Rezum with other treatment options regarding sexual function.

Testosterone plays a pivotal role in male health throughout the lifespan. Men generally exhibit higher serum testosterone levels than women, influencing critical aspects of male physiology. It drives normal sexual differentiation during fetal development, promotes the acquisition of pubertal traits, and induces the development of secondary male sex characteristics. While testosterone levels naturally decline with age, this decrease varies greatly between individuals, indicating that aging alone does not account for any specific testosterone level. The interindividual variability highlights the influence of both genetic and environmental factors on testosterone production. Abnormal changes in testosterone levels, whether excessive or deficient, can have significant implications for men's health, contributing to conditions such as hypogonadism, cardiovascular disease, sexual disorders, and metabolic disorders. Precision medicine provides personalized testosterone treatment options for hypogonadism, taking into account genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle aspects to improve outcomes. This tailored approach is also relevant in dealing with broader reproductive and sexual health issues, ensuring effective and individualized care. This review focuses on testosterone's varied involvement in men's health, using biomarkers and precision medicine breakthroughs to inform tailored therapy and future research.

Telemedicine has rapidly integrated into healthcare, overcoming initial barriers such as regulatory restrictions and technological limitations. Its role in sexual medicine, especially urology, has been accelerated by technological advances and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as telehealth continues to expand, key ethical challenges emerge, including concerns over privacy, healthcare equity, and informed consent. These challenges are particularly important in sexual medicine, where sensitive patient data and intimate conditions are involved. We aimed to examine the ethical implications of telemedicine in sexual medicine, focusing on data security, consent processes, and healthcare disparities. We further emphasize the importance of maintaining high ethical standards while integrating telemedicine as a complement to traditional care, ensuring that patient outcomes are not compromised.

Background: Tubular ectasia of rete testis (TERT) is a benign condition due to dilatation of the rete testis as a consequence of multiple etiologies, including postinfectious, trauma, prior inguinal or scrotal surgeries, mechanical compression of extratesticular excretory ducts, and congenital malformation. TERT is a rare and underreported condition in the medical literature. Its association with infertility is lacking in the literature.

Case Presentation: We present a rare case of primary infertility and obstructive azoospermia associated with TERT. We performed extensive literature regarding the possible etiologies, associations, clinical diagnosis, and different management options of this entity. Our patient is a 33-year-old man presented with primary infertility. He was found to have obstructive azoospermia. During scrotal exploration, the diagnosis of intratesticular obstruction due to TERT was made. The couple was advised to undergo intracytoplasmic sperm injection using testicular sperms. This is the third report of TERT associated with azoospermia.

Conclusion: TERT is usually asymptomatic but can occasionally be associated with pain or abnormal semen analysis, but further studies are required to confirm its effect on fertility. Fortunately, it has a benign course and typically does not require surgical intervention. It is vital to differentiate it from neoplastic conditions.