Photoactivated theranostic nanomaterials based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens for cancer photoimmunotherapy

Abstract

In this study, a series of high liposoluble near-infrared emissive aggregation-induced emission luminogens with triphenylamine derivatives as donor units and 1-indanone as electron acceptor units are developed. Specifically, MTTOI has promising lipid droplets targeting ability and viscosity-response characteristics, and it can monitor the viscosity fluctuations in living cells in real time. It is found that MTTOI is able to fulfill the activation of the apoptosis-related signaling pathways under white light, and it can also activate the ferroptosis to synergize apoptosis resulting in tumor elimination. Interestingly, the occurrence of ferroptosis is positively related to the enhancement of immunogenic cell-death effect, thus boosting the tumor infiltration of CD8+ Tcells and reducing the proportion of regulatory Tcells by cooperating with dendritic cells, which can not only carry out primary antitumor treatment, but also prevent tumor metastasis through strong immunological memory effect. Moreover, in vivo experimental results confirm that MTTOI successfully effectuates fatty liver tissue imaging. MTTOI fluorescence signals can be captured at the tumor site after 3 days of administration due to its high fat-solubility and ease of fusion with tumors. This classic example could promote the further development of phototherapeutic agents in preclinical research and clinical applications.

Keywords

cancer photoimmunotherapy / ferroptosis / near-infrared aggregation-induced emission luminogen / photoactivated theranostic nanomaterial / viscosity response

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2024 2024 The Authors. Responsive Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Southeast University.