The continuous supply of electrical energy full-day has now become the biggest problem in establishing a moonbase. The closed Brayton cycle (CBC) coupled with thermoelectric generator (TEG) can effectively is proposed in this paper to solve this issue. The functions of the two power generation systems are different: CBC is for high power generation and TEG provides energy at nighttime or when solar energy is insufficient. After the study of full-day performance, it is concluded that CBC thermal efficiency gets 31.4% as the time advanced to lunar noon. Using TEG with CBC thermal efficiency below 0, the maximum energy conversion efficiency and power output of TEG are 0.67%, 1.8 kW, respectively. In the lunar nighttime, CBC working hours are directly affected by the flow rate. With limited mass TSUs, higher flow rate represents higher thermal energy consumption, and the power generation capacity of CBCs gradually diminishes. In addition, increasing the number of TEG stages has a directly effect on weight. The difference in weight between 1-stage and 4-stage is 4 times. CBC-TEG can solve the problem of continuous energy supply full-day, but parameters such as the operating flow rate and TEG stage number need to be selected according to practice needs.
The extreme environmental conditions and unique chemical composition of Venus’s atmosphere make it a key target for planetary science while posing significant challenges and opportunities for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). This paper proposes an integrated in-situ resource utilization system that combines filtration, enrichment, and spectroscopic detection for key atmospheric gases on Venus, including H2O, PH3, NH3, H2S, and SO2. The system employs a multi-stage filtration unit to remove corrosive sulfuric acid aerosols and utilizes selective molecular-sieve adsorption to efficiently concentrate trace gases, thereby enhancing their detection sensitivity to meet the precision requirements of tunable laser spectrometers. These gases are not only potential resources for oxygen production, fuel synthesis, or chemical feedstock generation but also serve as crucial indicators of Venus’s geochemical and atmospheric processes, including volcanic activity and redox balance. The proposed technical framework provides a feasible pathway for coupling scientific investigation with practical ISRU objectives in future Venus exploration missions.
The lunar surface—particularly around large impact craters on the farside—displays pronounced magnetic anomalies whose origins and evolution remain enigmatic. The Chang’E-6 (CE-6) mission offers a unique opportunity to investigate the magnetic characteristics of the South Pole–Aitken basin. Here, we report the first discovery of tetrataenite, a hard magnetic mineral, in CE-6 returned fine-grained, space-weathered soil. Integrating microscopic mineralogical evidence with the Moon’s complex impact-related geology, we infer that Ni-rich chondrites metal was accreted during impact events. Subsequent repetitive impacts heated troilite droplets coated with taenite, spalling them from the parent body and depositing them in the Apollo basin. During cooling, the taenite underwent a monotectoid reaction that ordered the face-centered cubic taenite into body-centered cubic tetrataenite and simultaneously precipitated sub-micron-sized metallic iron. The presence of tetrataenite indicates that space weathering has significantly modified the magnetic evolution of the lunar surface.