MSM Fiber Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Glucose Sensor Based on SnO₂ Nanofibers/Au Structure

Abstract

Glucose is an indispensable nutrient for metabolism in living organisms and is widely used in food, industry, and medical fields. Glucose is often added as a sweetener in food and often used in industry as a reducing agent for various products. In medical treatment, glucose is added to many drugs as a nutritional additive, and it is also an indicator that diabetics need to pay attention to at all time. Therefore, the market has a great demand for low-cost, high-sensitivity, fast, and convenient glucose sensors, and the industry has always attached great importance to the work of creating new glucose sensor devices. Therefore, we proposed a SnO₂ nanofibers/Au structure multimode-single-mode-multimode (MSM) fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) glucose sensor. SnO₂ nanofibers were fixed to a single-mode fiber core that had been plated with the Au film by electrospinning. When the glucose concentration increased at 5 vol% intervals, the corresponding resonance wavelengths had different degrees of redshifts. Comparing the two structures, as the glucose concentration range increased from 0 vol% to 60 vol%, the sensitivity increased from 228.7 nm/vol% in the Au structure to 337.3 nm/vol% in the SnO₂ nanofiber/Au structure. At the same time, the linear correlation between the resonant wavelength and the refractive index of the two structures was greater than 0.98. Moreover, the SnO₂ nanofibers/Au structure significantly improved the practical application performance of SPR sensors.

Keywords

MSM fiber surface plasmon resonance / electrospinning / SnO₂ nanofibers/Au structure / glucose concentration

References

[[1]] Ramakrishnan M, Rajan G, Semenova Y, Farrell G. Overview of fiber optic sensor technologies for strain/temperature sensing applications in composite materials. Sensors, 2016, 16(1): 99,

[[2]] Wang L, Wang Y J, Song S, Li F. Overview of fibre optic sensing technology in the field of physical ocean observation. Frontiers in Physics, 2021, 9: 745487,

[[3]] Berghmans F, Geernaert T, Sulejmani S, Thienpont H, Van Steenberge G, Van Hoe, et al.. Photonic crystal fiber Bragg grating based sensors: opportunities for applications in healthcare. Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, Shanghai, China, 2011 831102

[[4]] Wang H, Guo J K, Mo H, Zhou X, Han Y. Fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology for structural health monitoring. Sensors, 2023, 23(9): 4334,

[[5]] Hu S, Zuo M J. Application of distribution fiber optic sensing technology in submarine optical cable safety monitoring. Optics Frontiers Online 2020: Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Applications, Wuhan, China, 2020 94-96

[[6]] Hartog A H, Belal M, Clare M A. Advances in distributed fiber-optic sensing for monitoring marine infrastructure, measuring the deep ocean, and quantifying the risks posed by seafloor hazards. Marine Technology Society Journal, 2018, 52(5): 58-73,

[[7]] McKenzie I, Ibrahim S, Haddad E, Abad S, Hurni A, Cheng L K. Fiber optic sensing in spacecraft engineering: an historical perspective from the European space agency. Frontiers in Physics, 2021, 9: 719441,

[[8]] Baldwin C S. Applications for fiber optic sensing in the upstream oil and gas industry. Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XII, Baltimore, USA, 2015 69-78

[[9]] Guo S S, Shang Y, Liu X H, Wang C, Zhao W A, Lv J S. Design for a new type of water cut meter based on fiber optic interferometer used in oil well logging. Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 807: 2578-2582,

[[10]] Biondi A M, Zhou J, Guo X, Wu R, Tang Q, Gandhi H, et al.. Pipeline structural health monitoring using distributed fiber optic sensing textile. Optical Fiber Technology, 2022, 70: 102876,

[[11]] Liu X, Li J, Shi B, Ding G, Dong F, Zhang Z. Intelligent detection technology for leakage bag of baghouse based on distributed optical fiber sensor. Optical Fiber Technology, 2019, 52: 101947,

[[12]] Sun Y, Liu J, Xue Z, Li Q, Fan C, Zhang X. A critical review of distributed fiber optic sensing for real-time monitoring geologic CO₂ sequestration. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2021, 88: 103751,

[[13]] Xing H, Han J, Li C F. Performance monitoring of large rock-socketed piles by Brillouin fiber optic sensing. Materials Testing, 2017, 59(4): 373-378,

[[14]] Jaaskelainen M. Fiber optic distributed sensing applications in defense, security, and energy. Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VI, Orlando, USA, 2009 58-66

[[15]] Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhao Y. Advances in optical fiber aptasensor for biochemical sensing applications. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2023, 8(16): 2300137,

[[16]] Zhou L, Wang K, Xiao D, Yang X, Chen R. Refractometric fiber optic mode-filtered light chemical sensor for acetic acid. International Conference on Sensor Technology, Wuhan, China, 2001 342-345

[[17]] Langry K, Rambabu B. Ionic optodes: role in fiber optic chemical sensor technology. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology: International Research in Process, Environmental & Clean Technology, 1999, 74(8): 717-732,

[[18]] Lu X, Thomas P J, Hellevang J O. A review of methods for fibre-optic distributed chemical sensing. Sensors, 2019, 19(13): 2876,

[[19]] Li D, Yu S, Sun C, Zou C, Yu H, Xu K. U-shaped fiber-optic ATR sensor enhanced by silver nanoparticles for continuous glucose monitoring. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2015, 72: 370-375,

[[20]] Q. Chai, Y. Luo, J. Ren, J. Zhang, J. Yang, L. Yuan, et al., “Review on fiber-optic sensing in health monitoring of power grids,” Optical Engineering, 58(7): 072007.

[[21]] Kumari C R U, Samiappan D, Kumar R, Sudhakar T. Fiber optic sensors in ocean observation: a comprehensive review. Optik, 2019, 179: 351-360,

[[22]] Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhao Y. Advances in optical fiber aptasensor for biochemical sensing applications. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2023, 8(16): 2300137,

[[23]] Y. Zheng, Z. W. Zhu, W. Xiao, and Q. X. Deng, “Review of fiber optic sensors in geotechnical health monitoring,” Optical Fiber Technology, 54: 102127.

[[24]] Li X, Yu Q, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Lv R, Zhao Y. Magnetic sensing technology of fiber optic interferometer based on magnetic fluid: a review. Measurement, 2023, 216: 112929,

[[25]] Liang G, Luo Z, Liu K, Wang Y, Dai J, Duan Y. Fiber optic surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor technique: fabrication, advancement, and application. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 46(3): 213-223,

[[26]] Fang W, Ding L, Zhang Y, Li H. Prism SPR glucose sensor based on gold nanoparticle/gold film coupling enhanced SPR. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2023, 23(12): 12477-12484,

[[27]] Suzuki M, Nakashima Y, Mori Y. SPR immunosensor integrated two miniature enzyme sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 1999, 54(1–2): 176-181,

[[28]] Zhang Y Y, Arugula M A, Kirsch J S, Yang X Y, Olsen E, Simonian A L. Layer-by-layer assembled carbon nanotube-acetylcholinesterase/biopolymer renewable interfaces: SPR and electrochemical characterization. Langmuir, 2015, 31(4): 1462-1468,

[[29]] Chandgude V, Välisalmi T, Linnekoski J, Granström T, Pratto B, Eerikäinen T, et al.. Reducing agents assisted fed-batch fermentation to enhance ABE yields. Energy conversion and management, 2021, 227: 113627,

[[30]] Wang L, Sun Y, Wang J, Zhu X N, Jia F, Cao Y B, et al.. Sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor with silver mirror reaction on the Ag/Au film. Talanta, 2009, 78(1): 265-269,

[[31]] Kwak Y H, Choi D S, Kim Y N, Kim H, Yoon D H, Ahn S S, et al.. Flexible glucose sensor using CVD-grown graphene-based field effect transistor. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2012, 37(1): 82-87,

[[32]] Singh M, Kathuroju P K, Jampana N. Polypyrrole based amperometric glucose biosensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2009, 143(1): 430-443,

[[33]] Park K S, Kim H, Kim M K, Kim K, Chong Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of flavonol-glucose conjugates for cosmeceutical development. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 2015, 58(3): 317-323,

[[34]] Cano Perez J L, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez J, Perezcampos Mayoral C, Pérez-Campos E L, Pina Canseco M D S, Tepech Carrillo L, et al.. Fiber optic sensors: a review for glucose measurement. Biosensors, 2021, 11(3): 61,

[[35]] Gong P, Li X, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Chen N, Wang S, et al.. Optical fiber sensors for glucose concentration measurement: a review. Optics & Laser Technology, 2021, 139: 106981,

[[36]] Park S, Boo H, Chung T D. Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006, 556(1): 46-57,

[[37]] Yu H, Chong Y, Zhang P, Ma J, Li D. A D-shaped fiber SPR sensor with a composite nanostructure of MoS2-graphene for glucose detection. Talanta, 2020, 219: 121324,

[[38]] Zhang C, Li Z, Jiang S Z, Li C H, Xu S C, Yu J, et al.. U-bent fiber optic SPR sensor based on graphene/AgNPs. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2017, 251: 127-133,

[[39]] Zhang J, Mai X, Hong X, Chen Y, Li X. Optical fiber SPR biosensor with a solid-phase enzymatic reaction device for glucose detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 366: 131984,

[[40]] Martinez-Perdiguero J, Alonso I. Optimized sample addressing in prism-coupled surface plasmon resonance experiments. Optics & Laser Technology, 2020, 129: 106240,

[[41]] Teotia P K, Kaler R S. Multilayer with periodic grating based high performance SPR waveguide sensor. Optics Communications, 2017, 395: 154-158,

[[42]] Rizal C, Kapralov P O, Ignatyeva D, Belotelov V, Pisana S. Comparison of the effects of surface plasmon resonance and the transverse magneto-optic Kerr effect in magneto-optic plasmonic nanostructures. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2020, 53(2): 02LT02,

[[43]] Wang Q, Zhu A, Qiu F, Wang L, Yin X Y, Zhao W M, et al.. High sensitivity coreless fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor based on Au nano biconical particles. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2022, 22(1): 256-263,

[[44]] Pathak A, Mishra S K, Gupta B D. Fiber-optic ammonia sensor using Ag/SnO₂ thin films: optimization of thickness of SnO₂ film using electric field distribution and reaction factor. Applied Optics, 2015, 54(29): 8712-8721,

[[45]] Shah K, Sharma N K, Sajal V. Analysis of fiber optic SPR sensor utilizing platinum based nanocomposites. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2018, 50(6): 265,

[[46]] Sharma S, Usha S P, Shrivastav A M, Gupta B D. A novel method of SPR based SnO₂: GNP nano-hybrid decorated optical fiber platform for hexachlorobenzene sensing. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2017, 246: 927-936,

[[47]] Dubey S K, Kumar A, Kumar A, Pathak A, Srivastava S K. A study of highly sensitive D-shaped optical fiber surface plasmon resonance based refractive index sensor using grating structures of Ag-TiO₂ and Ag-SnO₂. Optik, 2022, 252: 168527,

[[48]] Lan G, Zhu R R, Jin W F, Luo P, Chen R, Yi J M, et al.. Highly sensitive detection of Hg²⁺ employing SPR sensor modified with chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol)/SnO₂ film. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2021, 413(23): 5703-5714,

[[49]] Virginia C, Khasanah A, Jauhari J, Sriyanti I. Electrospinning and characterization nanofibers and nano particle of polyvinylpyrrolidone. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Bandung, Republic of Indonesia, 2020 012039

[[50]] Yang W, Gao J, Li Z, Li C, Cheng Y, Huo Y, et al.. High performance D-type plastic fiber SPR sensor based on a hyperbolic metamaterial composed of Ag/MgF₂. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2021, 9(39): 13647-13658,

[[51]] Sun M, Wu H, Song Y, Wang Q. Surface plasmon resonance alcohol sensor with Ni(OH)₂ nanoflowers/Au structure. Measurement, 2023, 210: 112564,

[[52]] Xu H, Song Y, Zhu P, Zhao W, Liu T, Wang Q, Zhao T. Alcohol sensor based on surface plasmon resonance of ZnO nanoflowers/Au structure. Materials, 2021, 15(1): 189,