Congenital nasal deformities: advances in early surgical intervention

Abstract

Congenital nasal deformities represent a diverse group of structural anomalies present at birth, often resulting in significant functional impairments and aesthetic challenges. Historically, surgical correction has been deferred until adolescence due to concerns about disrupting facial growth; however, emerging evidence supports earlier intervention, prompting a reevaluation of traditional paradigms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of major congenital nasal deformities, with a particular focus on cleft nasal deformities and frontonasal dysplasia. We explore evolving trends in surgical timing and techniques, key anatomical considerations, and reported outcomes. Special attention is given to the balance between early aesthetic and functional normalization and the preservation of midfacial growth. Advances in surgical planning, including individualized approaches, have improved outcomes and minimized risks associated with early intervention. Comparative data suggest that appropriately timed early correction may offer psychosocial and developmental benefits without significantly compromising facial growth. Overall, the management of congenital nasal anomalies is undergoing a paradigm shift toward earlier, more tailored surgical approaches. This evolution reflects a growing consensus that strategic early intervention can address both functional deficits and psychosocial impacts during critical developmental periods, while still safeguarding long-term facial growth and aesthetics.

Keywords

Congenital nasal deformities / cleft nasal deformity / primary rhinoplasty / septoplasty / septal repositioning / Tessier craniofacial cleft / frontonasal dysplasia / maxillonasal dysplasia

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