The impact of climate change on polyphenols in mountain grapes (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) in Northeast China: A mini review

Abstract

Climate change is significantly altering viticultural practices worldwide, with profound implications for the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds that determine wine’s sensory and health properties. This review summarizes the effects of climate change, particularly rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and altered light conditions—on polyphenol synthesis in Vitis amurensis (V. amurensis) grapes from Northeast China, the country’s highest-latitude wine region. Key findings reveal that: (1) Temperature increases accelerate phenological stages but differentially impact polyphenols, suppressing anthocyanins and flavonols while promoting tannins; (2) Precipitation variability induces water stress that can enhance anthocyanin content under moderate drought but reduce quality during extreme events; (3) Declining sunshine duration may limit polyphenol production, though certain cultivars (e.g., Beibinghong) exhibit adaptability to low light conditions. The region’s unique climatic trends—stronger winter warming and reduced summer precipitation—paradoxically offer potential benefits by extending the growing season while minimizing heat stress during critical ripening periods. It is highlighted how V. amurensis, with its cold hardiness and naturally high polyphenol content (notably anthocyanins and resveratrol), could become increasingly valuable under climate change. However, strategic adaptation through cultivar selection, vineyard management, and stress-responsive breeding will be critical to maintain wine quality. This synthesis provides a framework for understanding climate-polyphenol dynamics in cool-climate viticulture and outlines research priorities to safeguard the future of Northeast China’s distinctive wine industry.

Keywords

climate change adaptation / grape polyphenols / Vitis amurensis / cool-climate viticulture / Northeast China

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