Scientific Objectives and Configuration Payloads of Asteroid Defense Test Missions

Abstract

As for China’s first near-Earth asteroid defense on-orbit verification mission，the defensive disposal of the potential risk of near-Earth asteroid impact on the Earth was verified. The scientific objectives，scientific exploration mission were put forward，the scientific payload requirements analysis was conducted，scientific payload configuration was proposed. This study may provide a basis for decision-making for the implementation of the future asteroid defense missions .

Key words： asteroid defense; scientific objective; scientific payload

References

[1] SCHMIDT N. Planetary defense：global collaboration for defending earth from asteroids and comets[M]. Cham，Switzerland：Springer，2019.
[2] European Space Agency. ESA NEO risk page [EB/OL]. （2017-01-15）[2022-01-15]. https：//neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-list.
[3] RUMPF C M，LEWIS H G，ATKINSON P M. Asteroid impact effects and their immediate hazards for human populations[J]. Geophysical Research Letter，2017，44（8）：3433-3440
[4] KOENIG D，CHYBA C. Impact deflection of potentially hazardous asteroids using current launch vehicles[J]. Science and Global Security，2007（15）：57-83.
[5] HERNANDEZ S，BARBEE B W. Design of spacecraft missions to test kinetic impact for asteroid deflection[C]//Proceedings of AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Conference. [S. l.]：AIAA，2012.
[6] MCINNES C R. Defection of near-Earth asteroids by kinetic energy impacts from retrograde orbits[J]. Planetary and Space Science，2004，52（7）：587-590.
[7] WANG X T，ZHENG J H，LI M T，et al. Warning of asteroids approaching Earth from the sunword direction using two Earth leading heliocentric telescopes[J]. Icarus，2022，377：1-15.
[8] BOTTKE J，WILLIAM F，et al. The Yarkovsky and YORP effects：implications for asteroid dynamics[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary SciencesAnnu，2006，34：157-191.
[9] VOKROUHLICK'Y D. Yarkovsky effect on small near-Earth asteroids：mathematical formulation and examples[J]. Icarus，2000（148）：118-138.
[10] ČAPEK D，DAVID VOKROUHLICKÝ. Accurate model for the Yarkovsky effect[C]//Proceedings of International Astronomical Union：Dynamics of Populations of Planetary Systems. [S. l.]：IAU，2005.
[11] HYLAND D C，ALTWAIJRY H A，GE S，et al. A permanently-acting NEA damage mitigation technique via the Yarkovsky effect[J]. Cosmic Research，2010，48（5）：430-436.
[12] SONG G M，CHEN C，GONG Z Z，et al. Experimental study on momentum coupling law of interaction between pulse laser and asteroid like material[C]//Proceedings of the 71th International Astronautical Congress. Dubai：[s. n.] 2021.
[13] LI M T，WANG Y R，WANG Y L，et al. Enhanced kinetic impactor for defecting large potentially hazardous asteroids via maneuvering space rocks[J]. Scientific Reports，2020（10）：1-15.
[14] WANG Y R，LI M T，GONG Z Z，et al. assembled kinetic impactor for deflecting asteroids by combining the spacecraft with the launch vehicle upper stage[J]. Icarus，2021，368（1）：1-15.
[15] POPESCU M，BIRLAN M，NEDELCU D A. Modeling of Asteroid spectra-M4AST[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics，2012，554：A130.
[16] BUS S J，BINZEL R P. Phase II of the small main-belt asteroid spectroscopic survey：a feature-based taxonomy[J]. Icarus，2002，158：146-177.
[17] BUS S J，BINZEL R P. Phase II of the small main-belt asteroid spectroscopic survey：the observations[J]. Icarus，2002，106-145.
[18] DEMEO F E，BINZEL R P，et al. An extension of the Bus asteroid taxonomy into the near-infrared [J]. Icarus，2009，202：160-180.
[19] STANN B L，DAMMANN J F，GIORNO M D，et al. Integration and demonstration of MEMS-scanned LADAR for robotic navigation[J]. Proceedings of SPIE，2014，9084：90840J.
[20] STANN B L，DAMMANN J F，GIZAA M M，et al. MEMS-scanned ladar for small unmanned air vehicles[J]. Proceedings of SPIE，2018，10636：106360E.
[21] SORNSIN B A，SHORT B W，BOURBEAU T N，et al. Global shutter solid state flash LIDAR for spacecraft navigation and docking applications[J]. Proceedings of SPIE，2019，11005：110050W.
[22] TSUDA Y，NAKAZAWA S，KUSHIKI K，et al. Flight status of robotic asteroid sample return mission Hayabusa 2[J]. Acta Astronautica，2016，127：702-709.
[23] CARMO J P D. Imaging LIDAR technology developments at the European Space Agency[J]. Proceedings of SPIE，2011，19：800129.
[24] 舒嵘，徐卫明，黄庚华. 用于行星导航和软着陆的激光雷达系统[C]//中国宇航学会深空探测技术专业委员会第十届学术年会. 太原：中国宇航学会深空探测技术专业委员会，2013.
[25] KOBAYASHI T，OYA H，ONO T. A-scope analysis of subsurface radar sounding of lunar mare region[J]. Earth Planets Space，2002，54（2002）：973-982.
[26] KOBAYASHI T，OYA H，ONO T. B-scan analysis of subsurface radar sounding of lunar highland region[J]. Earth Planets Space，2002，54（2002）：983-991.
[27] HERIQUE A，AGNUS B，ASPHAUG E，et al. Direct observations of asteroid interior and regolith structure：science measurement requirements[J]. Advances in Space Research，2018, 62（8）:2141-2162.
[28] JEWITT D. The active asteroids [EB/OL]. （2019-04-21） [2023-03-07]. http：//www2.ess.ucla.edu/～jewitt/mbc.html.
[29] HENRY H H. Main-belt comets [EB/OL]. （2019-04-21）[2023-03-07]. https：//web. archive. org/web/20110806021852/http：//www.ifa.hawaii.edu/～hsieh/ mbcs.shtml.
[30] AUSTER H U，RICHTER I，GLASSMEIER K，et al. Magnetic field investigations during Rosetta’s 2867 Šteins flyby[J]. Planetary and Space Science，2010，58（9）：1124-1128.
[31] PÄTZOLD M，ANDERT T P，ASMAR S W，et al. Asteroid 21 lutetia：low mass，high density[J]. Science，2011，334（6055）：491-492.