An Overview of Pulsar Candidate Classification Methods

Abstract

Pulsar searching is an important frontier in radio astronomy. Weaker signals can be received as the performance of search facilities continualy improved. However，how to accurately identify the suspected pulsar signal from massive candidates has become a challenge. The pulsar candidate classification methods about development history and current situation at home and abroad. The classification methods in each stage include：manual selection methods and machine learning methods. At last，the future development trends are analyzed.

Key words： pulsar; pulsar candidate; machine learning

References

[1] HEWISH A,BELL S J,PILKINGTON J D H,et al. Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source[J]. Nature,1968,217(5130):709-713
[2] HULSE R A,TAYLOR J H. Discovery of a pulsar in a binary system[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1975,262(1):490-492
[3] CORDES J M,KRAMER M,LAZIO T J W,et al. Pulsars as tools for fundamental physics and astrophysics[J]. New Astronomy Reviews,2005,48(11):1413-1438
[4] LORIMER D R,LYNE A G,CAMILO F. A search for pulsars in supernova remnants[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics,1998,331(3):1002-1010
[5] LYNE A G,BURGAY M,KRAMER M,et al. A double-pulsar system:a rare laboratory for relativistic gravity and plasma physics[J]. Science,2004,303(5661):1153-1157
[6] HOBBS G B,BAILES M,BHAT N D R,et al. Gravitational-wave detection using pulsars:status of the parkes pulsar timing array project[J]. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia,2009,26(2):103-109
[7] MANCHESTER R N,LYNE A G,CAMILO F,et al. The parkes multibeam pulsar survey - i. observing and data analysis systems,discovery and timing of 100 pulsar[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2001,328(1):17-35
[8] KEITH M J,JAMESON A,STRATEN VAN W,et al. The high time resolution universe pulsar survey - i. system configuration and initial discoveries[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2010,409(2):619-627
[9] DENEVA J,CORDES J M,MCLAUGHLIN M A,et al. Arecibo pulsar survey using alfa. iii. probing radio pulsar intermittency and transients[J]. Astrophysical Journal,2008,703(2):2259-2274
[10] COENEN T,LEEUWEN J VAN,HESSELS J W T,et al. The LOFAR pilot surveys for pulsars and fast radio transients[J]. Astronomy & Astrophysics,2014,570(1):1-18
[11] STOVALL K,LYNCH R S,RANSOM S M,et al. The green bank northern celestial cap pulsar survey - i:survey description,data analysis,and initial results[J]. Astrophysical Journal,2014,791(791):2837-2854
[12] MANCHESTER R N,LYNE A G,TAYLOR J H,et al. The second Molonglo pulsar survey – discovery of 155 pulsars[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,1978,185(2):409-421
[13] NAN R,LI D,JIN C J,et al. The five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope project[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics D,2011,20(06):989-1024
[14] SMITS R,KRAMER M,STAPPERS B,et al. Pulsar searches and timing with the square kilometre array[J]. Astronomy & Astrophysics,2009,493(3):1161-1170
[15] RANSOM S. Presto[EB/OL]. [2018-7-5]. https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~sransom/presto/.
[16] HOGDEN J,VANDER WIEL S,BOWER G C,et al. Comparison of radio-frequency interference mitigation strategies for dispersed pulse detection[J]. Astrophysical Journal,2012,747(2):141
[17] LORIMER D R. Radio pulsar statistics[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science Library,2009(357):161-172
[18] LORIMER D R，KRAMER M. Handbook of pulsar astronomy[M]. Longdon：Cambridge University Press，2005.
[19] LYON R J. Why are pulsars hard to find?[D]. Manchester：University of Manchester，2016.
[20] ATNF. Parkes multibeam pulsar survey[EB/OL]. [2018-7-6]. http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/pulsar/pmsurv/.
[21] JOHNSTON S,LYNE A G,MANCHESTER R N,et al. A high-frequency survey of the southern galactic plane for pulsars[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,1992,255(3):401-411
[22] STOKES G H,SEGELSTEIN D J,TAYLOR J H,et al. Results of two surveys for fast pulsars[J]. Astrophysical Journal,1986,311(311):694-700
[23] JOHNSTON S,LYNE A G,MANCHESTER R N,et al. A high-frequency survey of the southern galactic plane for pulsars[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,1992,255(3):401-411
[24] FAULKNER A J,STAIRS H I,KRAMER M,et al. The parkes multibeam pulsar survey:v. finding binary and millisecond pulsars[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2004,355(1):147-158
[25] KEITH M,EATOUGH R,LYNE A,et al. Discovery of 28 pulsars using new techniques for sorting pulsar candidates[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2009,395(2):837-846
[26] ROSEN R，HEATHERLY S A，MAURA A，et al. Pulsar search collaboratory[EB/OL]. （2010-5-6）[2018-7-5]. http://pulsarsearchcollaboratory.com/.
[27] ROSEN R,HEATHERLY S,MCLAUGHLIN M A,et al. The pulsar search collaboratory[J]. Astronomy Education Review,2010,9(1):010106
[28] WILLIAMSON K,MCLAUGHLIN M,HEATHERLY S A,et al. The pulsar search collaboratory:expanding nationwide[J]. Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics,2018,arXiv:1807.06059
[29] LEE K J,STOVALL K,JENET F A,et al. Peace:pulsar evaluation algorithm for candidate extraction – a software package for post-analysis processing of pulsar survey candidates[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2013,433(1):688-694
[30] EATOUGH R P,MOLKENTHIN N,KRAMER M,et al. Selection of radio pulsar candidates using artificial neural networks[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2010,407(4):2443-2450
[31] BATES S D,BAILES M,BARSDELL B R,et al. The high time resolution universe pulsar survey VI:An artificial neural network and timing of 75 pulsars[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2012,427(2):1052-1065
[32] MORELLO V,BARR E D,BAILES M,et al. SPINN:a straightforward machine learning solution to the pulsar candidate selection problem[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2014,443(2):1651-1662
[33] LYON R J,STAPPERS B W,COOPER S,et al. Fifty years of pulsar candidate selection:from simple filters to a new principled real-time classification approach[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2016,459(1):1104-1123
[34] MOHAMED T M. Pulsar selection using fuzzy KNN classifier[J]. Future Computing and Informatics Journal,2017,3(1):1-6
[35] TAN C M,LYON R J,STAPPERS B W,et al. Ensemble candidate classification for the LOTAAS pulsar survey[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2018,474(4):4571-4583
[36] ZHU W W,BERNDSEN A,MADSEN E C,et al. Searching for pulsars using image pattern recognition[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2014,781(2):117-128
[37] GUO P，DUAN F. WANG P，et al. Pulsar candidate identification with artificial intelligence techniques[J]. 2017，arXiv preprint arXiv：1711.10339v1.
[38] LYON R J，BROOKE J M，KNOWLES J D，et al. A study on classification in imbalanced and partially-labelled data streams[C]//2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems，Man，and Cybernetics. [S.l]：IEEE，2013：1506-1511.
[39] LYON R J，BROOKE J M，KNOWLES J D，et al. Hellinger distance trees for imbalanced streams[C]//ICPR’14 Proceedings of the 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Washington，DC，USA：IEEE Computer Society，2014：1969-1974.
[40] YAO Y，XIN X，GUO P，et al. Pulsar candidate selection by assembling positive sample emphasized classifiers[C]//12th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security. [S.l]：IEEE，2016：120-124.
[41] FORD J M. Pulsar search using supervised machine learning[D]. Florida：Nova Southeastern University，2017.
[42] LYON R J. Fifty years of candidate pulsar selection - what next?[J]. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union,2017:337-340