WANG Mingyuan1, WANG Mei2, PING Jinsong1, HAN Songtao2
Author information+
1. National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China; 2. Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory,Beijing 100012,China
Show less
History+
Received
Revised
Published
09 Mar 2020
05 Aug 2020
20 Oct 2021
Issue Date
20 Oct 2021
Abstract
After more than fifty years lunar exploration, our understanding of the lunar space environment is still superficial. The lunar dusty exosphere research was based on ARTEMIS mission and the lunar atmosphere and dust environment detector which were developed by NASA. Based on the radio experiments of several lunar missions, the existence of lunar ionosphere is determined. The current status and observation of lunar exosphere and ionosphere are introduced in this paper. With the help of the low frequency radio astronomical payloads carried by Chang'E-4 relay satellite and the lander, more of lunar space environment will be uncovered.
WANG Mingyuan, WANG Mei, PING Jinsong, HAN Songtao.
A Review of Lunar Space Environment Study. Journal of Deep Space Exploration, 2021, 8(5): 486‒494 https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2021.20200013
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
This is a preview of subscription content, contact us for subscripton.
References
[1] HOFFMAN J H,HODGES J R R,EVANS D E. Lunar atmospheric composition results from Apollo 17[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth Lunar Science Conference. Houson,Texas: [s.n.],1973. [2] POTTER A E,MORGAN T H. Discovery of sodium and potassium vapor in the atmosphere of the Moon[J]. Science,1988,241(4866):675-680 [3] BENNA M,MAHAFFY P R,HALEKAS J S,et al. Variability of Helium,Neon,and Argon in the lunar exosphere as observed by the LADEE NMS instrument[C]//2014 NASA Exploration Science Forum. Moffett Field,California:NASA,2014. [4] COLAPRETE A,WOODEN D,COOK A,et al. Observations of titanium,aluminum,and magnesium in the lunar exosphere by LADEE UVS[C]//Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Woodlands,Texas: [s. n.],2016. [5] SARANTOS M,KILLEN R M,SHARMA A S,et al. Sources of sodium in the lunar exosphere:modeling using ground-based observations of sodium emission and spacecraft data of the plasma[J]. Icarus,2010,205(2):364-374 [6] SARANTOS M,KILLEN R M,GLENAR D A,et al. Metallic species,oxygen and silicon in the lunar exosphere:upper limits and prospects for LADEE measurements[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2012,117(A3):3103-3119 [7] HODGES R R. Helium and hydrogen in the lunar atmosphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1973,78(34):8055-8064 [8] HODGES R R. Methods for Monte Carlo simulation of the exospheres of the Moon and Mercury[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1980,85(A1):164-170 [9] WURZ P,ROHNER U,WHITBY J A,et al. The lunar exosphere:the sputtering contribution[J]. Icarus,2007,191(2):486-496 [10] HILCHENBACH M,HOVESTADT D,KLECKER B,et al. Detection of singly ionized energetic lunar pick-up ions upstream of Earth's bow shock[J]. Solar Wind Seven,1992,A93-33554:349-355 [11] MALL U,KIRSCH E,CIERPKA K,et al. Direct observation of lunar pick-up ions near the Moon[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1998,25(20):3799-3802 [12] YOKOTA S,SAITO Y,ASAMURA K,et al. First direct detection of ions originating from the Moon by MAP-PACE IMA onboard SELENE (KAGUYA)[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36(11):L11201 [13] TANAKA T,SAITO Y,YOKOTA S,et al. First in situ observation of the Moon-originating ions in the Earth's Magnetosphere by MAP-PACE on SELENE (KAGUYA)[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36(22):L22106 [14] GRüN E,HORANYI M,STERNOVSKY Z. The lunar dust environment[J]. Planetary & Space Science,2011,59(14):1672-1680 [15] SEVERNY A B,TEREZ E I,ZVEREVA A M. The measurements of sky brightness on lunokhod-2[J]. Moon,1975,14(1):123-128 [16] CRISWELL D R. Horizon-glow and the motion of lunar dust[J]. Photon and Particle In-teraction in Space,1973,37:545-556 [17] RENNILSON J J,CRISWELL D R. Surveyor observations of lunar horizon-glow[J]. Moon,1974,10(2):121-142 [18] COLWELL J E,BATISTE S,HORáNYI M,et al. Lunar surface:dust dynamics and regolith mechanics[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,2007,45(2):RG2006 [19] AUER A,SITTE K. Detection technique for micrometeoroids using impact ionization[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1968,4(2):178-183 [20] COLLETTE A,STERNOVSKY Z,HORANYI M. Production of neutral gas by micrometeoroid impacts[J]. Icarus,2014,227:89-93 [21] HARTMANN W K. Impact experiments:1. ejecta velocity distributions and related results from regolith targets[J]. Icarus,1985,63(1):69-98 [22] MARSHALL J,RICHARD D,DAVIS S. Electrical stress and strain in lunar regolith simulants[J]. Planetary & Space Science,2011,59(14):1744-1748 [23] STUBBS T J,VONDRAK R R,FARRELL W M. A dynamic fountain model for lunar dust[J]. Advances in Space Research,2006,37(1):59-66 [24] GLENAR D A,STUBBS T J,HAHN J M,et al. Search for a high-altitude lunar dust exosphere using Clementine navigational star tracker measurements[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets,2014,119(12):2548-2567 [25] FELDMAN P D,GLENAR D A,STUBBS T J,et al. Upper limits for a lunar dust exosphere from far-ultraviolet spectroscopy by LRO/LAMP[J]. Icarus,2014,233:106-113 [26] GLENAR D A,STUBBS T J,MCCOY J E,et al. A reanalysis of the Apollo light scattering observations,and implications for lunar exospheric dust[J]. Planetary & Space Science,2011,59(14):1695-1707 [27] HORANYI M,SZALAY J R,KEMPF S,et al. A permanent,asymmetric dust cloud around the Moon[J]. Nature,2015,522(7556):324-326 [28] WOODEN D H,COOK A M,COLAPRETE A,et al. Evidence for a dynamic nanodust cloud enveloping the Moon[J]. Nature Geoscience,2016,9:665-668 [29] SZALAY J R,HORáNYI M. Annual variation and synodic modulation of the sporadic meteoroid flux to the Moon[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2015,42:10580-10584 [30] PLUCHINO S,SCHILLIRò F,SALERNO E,et al. Radio occultation measurements of the lunar ionosphere[J]. Memorie Della Società Astronomica Italiana Supplement,2008,12(12):53-59 [31] REASONER D L,BURKE W J. Direct observation of the lunar photoelectron layer[J]. Proceedings of the Third Lunar Science Conference,1972,3:2639-2654 [32] VYSHLOV A S. Preliminary results of circumlunar plasma research by the Luna 22 spacecraft[C]//Proceedings of the Open Meetings of Working Groups on Physical Sciences. Varna,Bulgaria: 1975. [33] 王震. 月球电离层探测研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学,2015. WANG Z. Study of lunar ionosphere detection[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy Sciences,2015. [34] IMAMURA T,NABATOV A,MOCHIZUKI N,et al. Radio occultation measurement of the electron density near the lunar surface using a subsatellite on the SELENE mission[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2012,117:A06303 [35] CHOUDHARY R K,AMBILI K M,CHOUDHURY S,et al. On the origin of the ionosphere at the Moon using results from Chandrayaan-1 S-band radio occultation experiment and a photochemical model[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2016,3:10,025-10,033 [36] 韩松涛,王明远,平劲松,等. 应用我国再入返回飞行器服务舱探测到较强月球电离层信号[J]. 科学通报,2016,61(32):3476-3481 HAN S T,WANG M Y,PING J S,et al. Exploring strong lunar ionosphere successfully with the service module of Chinese circumlunar return and reentry spacecraft[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2016,61(32):3476-3481 [37] POPEL S I,ZELENYI L M,GOLUB' A P,et al. Lunar dust and dusty plasmas:recent developments,advances,and unsolved problems[J]. Planetary and Space Science,2018,156:71-84 [38] LUO Q Y,YANG L,JI J H. Global distribution of the kinetic scale magnetic turbulence around the Moon[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2016,816(1):L3 [39] KAISER M L,ALEXANDER J K,Riddle A C,et al. Direct measurements by Voyagers 1 and 2 of the polarization of terrestrial kilometric radiation[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1978,10:857-860 [40] BENSON R F,CALVERT W. ISIS 1 observations at the source of auroral kilometric radiation[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1979,6:479-482 [41] LEE L C,WU C S. Amplification of radiation near cyclotron frequency due to electron population inversion[J]. Physics of Fluids,1980,23(7):1348 [42] GOTO Y,FUJIMOTO T,KASAHARA Y,et al. Lunar ionosphere exploration method using auroral kilometric radiation[J]. Earth,Planets and Space,2011,63(1):47-56 [43] 纪奕才,赵博,方广有,等. 在月球背面进行低频射电天文观测的关键技术研究[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文),2017,4(2):150-157 JI Y C,ZHAO B,FANG G Y,et al. Key technologies of very low frequency radio observations on the lunar far-side[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2017,4(2):150-157 [44] JIA Y,ZOU Y,PING J,et al. The scientific objectives and payloads of Chang’E-4 mission[J]. Planetary & Space Science,2018:S0032063317300211,162:207-215.
AI Summary ×
Note: Please note that the content below is AI-generated. Frontiers Journals website shall not be held liable for any consequences associated with the use of this content.