Research Status and Development Trend of Bio-regenerative Life Support System for Deep Space Exploration

LIU Hong1,2, YAO Zhikai1, FU Yuming1,2

PDF(919 KB)
PDF(919 KB)
Journal of Deep Space Exploration ›› 2020, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (5) : 489-499. DOI: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2020.20191021001
Article
Article

Research Status and Development Trend of Bio-regenerative Life Support System for Deep Space Exploration

  • LIU Hong1,2, YAO Zhikai1, FU Yuming1,2
Author information +
History +

Abstract

Bio-regenerative life support system (BLSS),is one of key technologies for long-term and long-distance manned space missions such as manned Mars landing and the establishment of lunar and Mars bases. The theories and technologies of BLSS are summarized. Countries and organizations including Russia,USA,Europe,Japan and China have conducted a series of research in BLSS,from bio-unit test,systematic test to manned closed experiment and aquatic micro-ecosystem experiments in space. The development path of BLSS is proposed,and it points out that small-scale terrestrial ecosystem is the key part for the application of BLSS to space. The tendency and ground application prospect of technologies derived by BLSS are analyzed as well.

Keywords

Bio-regenerative Life Support System / man-made closed ecological system / ground based experimental facility / long-term extraterrestrial life support

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
LIU Hong, YAO Zhikai, FU Yuming. Research Status and Development Trend of Bio-regenerative Life Support System for Deep Space Exploration. Journal of Deep Space Exploration, 2020, 7(5): 489‒499 https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2020.20191021001

References

[1] 刘红,GITELSON I I,胡恩柱,等. 生物再生生命保障系统理论与技术[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2009.
LIU H,GITELSON I I,HU E Z,et al. Theory and technology of bioregenerative life support system [M]. Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[2] SHEPELEV Y. Human life support systems in spaceship cabins on the basis of biological material cycling[J]. Space Biology and Medicine,1966:330-342
[3] SALISBURY F B,GITELSON I I,LISOVSKY G M. BIOS-3:Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support[J]. Bioscience,1997,47:575-585
[4] SYCHEV V N,LEVINSKIKH M A,GURIEVA T S,et al. Biological life support systems for space crews:some results and prospects[J]. Human Physiology,2011,37(7):784-789
[5] GRIBOVSKAYA I V,KUDENKO Y A,GITELSON J I. Element exchange in a water-and gas-closed biological life support system[J]. Advances in Space Research,1997,20(10):2045-2048
[6] GITELSON I I,TERSKOV I A,KOVROV B G,et al. Life support system with autonomous control employing plant photosynthesis[J]. Acta Astronautica,1976,3(9-10):633-650
[7] GITELSON I I,TERSKOV I A,KOVROV B G,et al. Long-term experiments on man’s stay in biological life-support system[J]. Advances in Space Research,1989,9(8):65-71
[8] BARTSEV S I,MEZHEVIKIN V V,OKHONIN V A. BIOS-4 as an embodiment of celss development conception[J]. Advances in Space Research,1996,18(1/2):201-204
[9] DEGERMENDZHI A G,TIKHOMIROV A A. Designing artificial closed land-and space-based ecosystems[J]. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences,2014,84(2):124-130
[10] DRAKE G L,KING C D,JOHNSON W A,et al. Study of life-support systems for space missions exceeding one year in duration. closed life-support system:NASA-SP-134 [R]. California,USA:Ames Research Center,National Aeronautics and Space Administration,1966.
[11] WALLACE J S,POWERS J V. Publications of the NASA Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) program,1979—1989 [M]. Washington,D. C.:The George Washington University,1990.
[12] MITCHELL C A. Bioregenerative life-support systems[J]. American journal of clinical nutrition,1994,60:820S-824S
[13] HENNINGER D L,TRI T O,PACKHAM N J C. NASA's advanced life support systems human-rated test facility[J]. Advances in Space Research,1996,18(1/2):223-232
[14] WHEELER R M,MACKOWIAK C L,STUTTE G W,et al. NASA's biomass production chamber:a testbed for bioregenerative life support studies[J]. Advances in Space Research,1996,18(1/2):215-224
[15] WHEELER R M,MACKOWIAK C L,STUTTE G W,et al. Crop productivities and radiation use efficiencies for bioregenerative life support[J]. Advances in Space Research,2008,41:706-713
[16] WHEELER R M,STRAYER R F. Use of bioregenerative technologies for advanced life support:some considerations for bio-plex and related testbeds:NASA-TM-113229[R]. Florida,USA:Kennedy Space Center,National Aeronautics and Space Administration,1997.
[17] KLOERIS V,VODOVOTZ Y,BYE L,et al. Design and implementation of a vegetarian food system for a closed chamber test[J]. Life Support & Biosphere Science:International Journal of Earth Space,1998,5(2):231-242
[18] HENNINGER D L. Isolation:NASA experiments in closed-environment living-advanced human life support enclosed system final report [M]. USA:Univelt, 2002.
[19] HOLLAND A W,CURTIS K. Operational psychology countermeasures during the Lunar-Mars life support test project[J]. Life Support & Biosphere Science:International Journal of Earth Space,1998,5(4):445-452
[20] KENNEDY K J. NASA Habitat demonstration unit project – deep space habitat overview [C]//41st International Conference on Environmental Systems. Portland,Oregon:[s. n.],2011.
[21] BOSCHERI G,KACIRA M,PATTERSON L,et al. Modified energy cascade model adapted for a multicrop lunar greenhouse prototype[J]. Advances in Space Research,2012,50(7):941-951
[22] HOSSNER L R,MING D W,HENNINGER D L,et al. Lunar outpost agriculture[J]. Endeavour,1991,15(2):79-85
[23] DEMPSTER W F. Biosphere 2 engineering design[J]. Ecological Engineering,1999,13(1-4):31-42
[24] NELSON M,DEMPSTER W,ALVAREZ-ROMO N,et al. Atmospheric dynamics and bioregenerative technologies in a soil-based ecological life support system:initial results from biosphere 2[J]. Advance in Space Research,1994,14(11):417-426
[25] ALLEN J. Biospheric theory and report on overall Biosphere 2 design and performance[J]. Life Support & Biosphere Science:International Journal of Earth Space,1997,4(3-4):95-108
[26] ALLEN J P,NELSON M,ALLING A. The legacy of Biosphere 2 for the study of biospherics and closed ecological systems[J]. Advances in Space Research,2003,37(7):1629-1639
[27] MASUDA T,ARAI R,KOMATSUBARA O,et al. Development of a 1-week Cycle Menu for an Advanced Life Support System (ALSS) utilizing practical biomass production data from the Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF)[J]. Habitation,2005,10:87-97
[28] NITTA K. The CEEF,closed ecosystem as a laboratory for determining the dynam of radioactive isotopes[J]. Advances in Space Research,2001,27(9):1505-1512
[29] MIYAJIMA H. Practice of simulation study for space habitation and life support systems[J]. Eco-engineering,2017,29(2):57-64
[30] TAKO Y,ARAI R,TSUGA S,et al. CEEF:closed ecology experiment facilities[J]. Gravitational and Space Biology,2010,23(2):13-24
[31] SYCHEV V N,LEVINSKIKH M A,GUR'EVA T S,et al. Biological life support systems for space crews:some results and prospects[J]. Human Physiology,2011(7):784-789
[32] TAKO Y. Habitation experiments conducted circulating materials inside “Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities”[J]. Eco-engineering,2018,30(4):103-106
[33] FULGET N,POUGHON L,RICHALET J,et al. MELiSSA:global control strategy of the artificial ecosystem by using first principles models of the compartments[J]. Advances in Space Research,1999,24(3):397-405
[34] JEREMY W,CéLINE G. MELiSSA the minimal biosphere:human life,waste and refuge in deep space[J]. Futures,2017,92:59-69
[35] FARGES B,POUGHON L,RORIZ D,et al. Axenic cultures of nitrosomonas europaea and nitrobacter winogradskyi in autotrophic conditions:a new protocol for kinetic studies[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2012,167:1076-1091
[36] PARADISO R,DE MICCO V,BUONOMO R,et al. Soilless cultivation of soybean for bioregenerative life-support systems:a literature review and the experience of the melissa project –food characterization phase I[J]. Plant Biology,2014,16(1):69-78
[37] LASSEUR C,BRUNET J,DE WEEVER H,et al. MELiSSA:the European project of closed life support system[J]. Gravitational and Space Biology,2010,23(2):3-12
[38] HENDRICKX L,DE WEVER H,HERMANS V,et al. Microbial ecology of the closed artificial ecosystem MELiSSA (Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative):reinventing and compartmentalizing the Earth's food and oxygen regeneration system for long-haul space exploration missions[J]. Research in Microbiology,2006,157:77-86
[39] HU E Z,TONG L,HU D W,et al. Mixed effects of CO2 concentration on photosynthesis of lettuce in a closed artificial ecosystem[J]. Ecological Engineering,2011,37:2082-2086
[40] HU D W,LIU H,YANG C,et al. The design and optimization for light-algae bioreactor controller based on artificial neuralnetwork-model predictive control[J]. Acta Astronautica,2008,63:1067-1075
[41] YU C Y,LIU H,XING Y D,et al. Bioconversion of rice straw into soil-like substrate[J]. Acta Astronautica,2008,63:1037-1042
[42] YANG C L,LIU H,LI M,et al. Treating urine by Spirulina platensis[J]. Acta Astronautica,2008,63:1049-1054
[43] LI L Y,ZHAO Z R,LIU H. Feasibility of feeding yellow mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor L) in Bioregenerative life support systems as a source of animal protein for Humans[J]. Acta Astronautica,2013,92(1):103-109
[44] KANG W L,HE W T,LI L Y,et al. Characteristics of the soil-like substrates produced with a novel technique[J]. Advances in Space Research,2012,50:1495-1500
[45] LI M,HU D W,LIU H,et al. Chlorella vulgaris culture as a regulator of CO2 in a bioregenerative life support system[J]. Advances in Space Research,2013,52:773-779
[46] TONG L,HU D W,LIU H,et al. Gas exchange between Humans and multibiological life support system[J]. Ecological Engineering,2011,37:2025-2034
[47] TONG L,LI M,HU E Z,et al. The Fluxes of carbon,nitrogen and water in the multibiological life support system[J]. Ecological Engineering,2012,43:91-94
[48] TONG L,HU D W,FU Y M,et al. Growth characteristics comparison of lettuce and silkworms in and out of the multibiological life support system[J]. Ecological Engineering,2012,47:105-109
[49] FU Y M,LI L Y,XIE B Z,et al. How to establish a bioregenerative life support system for long-term crewed missions to the Moon or Mars[J]. Astrobiology,2016,16(12):1-12
[50] ZHU G R,LIU G H,LIU D L,et al. Research on the hydrolysis of Human urine using biological activated carbon and its application in bioregenerative life support system[J]. Acta Astronautica,2019,155:191-199
[51] HAO Z K,ZHU Y Z,FENG S Y,et al. Effects of long term isolation on the emotion change of “Lunar Palace 365” crewmembers[J]. Science Bulletin,2019,64(13):881-884
[52] LIU D L,XIE Z,DONG C,et al. Effect of fertilizer prepared from Human feces and straw on germination,growth and development of wheat[J]. Acta Astronautica,2018,145:76-82
[53] DONG C,LIU G H,FU Y M,et al. Twin studies in chinese closed controlled ecosystem with Humans:the effect of elevated CO2 disturbance on gas exchange characteristics[J]. Ecological Engineering,2016,91:126-130
[54] HU D W,LI L,LIU H,et al. Design and control of rotating soil-like substrate plant-growing facility based on plant water requirement and computational fluid dynamics simulation[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,64:269-275
[55] XIE B Z,ZHU G R,LIU B J,et al. The water treatment and recycling in 105-day bio-regenerative life support experiment in the lunar palace 1[J]. Acta Astronautica,2017,140:420-426
[56] YUAN M,CUSTAUD M A,XU Z,et al. Multi-System Adaptation to confinement during the 180-day Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) experiment[J]. Frontiers in Physiology,2019,10:1-22
[57] LI T,ZHANG L C,AI W D,et al. A modified mbr system with post advanced purification for domestic water supply system in 180-day CELSS:construction,pollutant removal and water allocation[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2018,222:37-43
[58] 陈敏,邓素芳,杨有泉,等. 受控生态生保系统内红萍供氧特性研究[J]. 空间科学学报,2012,32(2):223-229
[59] BLUEM V. C. E. B. A. S., a closed equilibrated biological aquatic system as a possible precursor for a long-term life support system[J]. Adv. Space Res.,1992,12:193-204
[60] BLUEM V,ANDRISKE M,PARIS F,et al. The C. E. B. A. S.-minimodule:behaviour of an artificial aquatic ecological system during spaceflight[J]. Adv. Space Res.,2000,26:253-262
[61] PREU P,BRAUN M. German SIMBOX on Chinese mission Shenzhou-8:Europe's first bilateral cooperation utilizing China's Shenzhou programme[J]. Acta Astronautica,2014,94:584-591
[62] LI X Y,RICHTER P R,HAO Z J,et al. Operation of an enclosed aquatic ecosystem in the Shenzhou-8 mission[J]. Acta Astronautica,2017,134:17-22
[63] LI X Y,LI G B,LI D H,et al. Spaceflight microgravity reduced photosynthetical electron transport and altered energy distribution in euglena gracilis[J]. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics,2016,43(9):887-894
[64] FISCHER J,SCHOPPMANN K,LAFORSCH C. Life history responses and feeding behavior of microcrustacea in altered gravity-applicability in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS)[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology,2017,29(3):241-249
[65] ELSABBAGH A. Nonlinear finite element model for the analysis of axisymmetric inflatable beams[J]. Thin-walled Structures,2015,96:307-313
[66] GAO H,QIN Y C,GUO R,et al. Enhanced plant growth promoting role of mPEG-PLGA-based nanoparticles as an activator protein peat1 carrier in wheat (triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2018,93:3143-3151
[67] FU Y M,GAO H,LI H Y,et al. Change of growth promotion and disease resistant of wheat seedling by application of biocontrol bacterium pseudochrobactrum kiredjianiae A4 under simulated microgravity[J]. Acta Astronautica,2017,139:222-227
[68] HAO Z K,LI L Y,FU Y M,et al. The influence of Bioregenerative Life-Support System dietary structure and lifestyle on the gut microbiota:a 105-day ground-based space simulation in lunar palace 1[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2018,20(10):3643-3656
[69] LI Z M,LIU H,ZHANG W Z,et al. Psychophysiological and cognitive effects of strawberry plants on people in isolated environments[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B,2020,21(1):53-63
[70] KOZYROVSKA N O,LUTVYNENKO T L,KORNIICHUK O S,et al. Growing pioneer plants for a lunar base[J]. Advances in Space Research,2006,37:93-99
[71] GILRAIN M R,HOGAN J A,COWAN R M,et al. Preliminary study of greenhouse grown swiss chard in mixtures of compost and Mars regolith simulant [C]//29th International Conference on Environmental Systems,USA:[s. n.],1999.
[72] LI L,FU Y M. LIU H Development of effective and safe compound disinfectant for space cabins[J]. Acta Astronautica,2019,159:480-485
[73] 许心铭,胡大伟,付玉明,等. 低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落物种多样性的产生和维持机制[J]. 深空探测学报,2019,6(1):31-36
XU X M,HU D W,FU Y M,et al. Formation and maintenance mechanism of species diversity in the course of microbial succession under low dose ionizing radiation[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2019,6(1):31-36
[74] NELSON M,DEMPSTER M F,ALLEN J P. "Modular biospheres"——new testbed platforms for public environmental education and research[J]. Advances in Space Research,2008,41(5):787-797
[75] POLYAKOV Y S,MUSAEV I,POLYAKOV S V,et al. Closed bioregenerative life support systems:applicability to hot deserts[J]. Advances in Space Research,2010,46(6):775-786
[76] GONZALES J M. Aquaculture in Bio-regenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS):considerations[J]. Advances in Space Research,2005,43(8):1250-1255
[77] YANG L M,LI H K,LIU T G,et al. Microalgae biotechnology as an attempt for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems:problems and prospects[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Bio-technology,2019,94(10):3039-3048
PDF(919 KB)

Accesses

Citations

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/