Research Progress of VLBI Technology and Application to China Lunar Exploration Project

Abstract

The Unified S-Band (USB) measurement and control system with ranging and velocity measurement capabilities and the VLBI system with high precision angle measurement capabilities are jointly used to undertake the orbit determination for the missions. The measurement accuracy is increasing constantly. The orbit determination for Chang'E-1、Chang'E-2、Chang'E-3、Chang'E-4 and Chang'E-5 test spacecraft missions have been completed successfully. It has made important contributions to CLEP and laid a solid foundation for the subsequent exploration of the Moon and planets.

Keywords

Lunar exploration / VLBI / orbit measurement and determination；positioning

References

[1] 欧阳自远. 我国月球探测的总体科学目标与发展战略[J]. 地球科学进展,2004,19(3):355-357
OUYANG Z Y. Scientific objectives of Chinese lunar exploration project and development strategy[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):355-357
[2] 栾恩杰. 中国的探月工程——中国航天第三个里程碑[J]. 中国工程科学,2007,8(10):31-36
LUAN E J. China's Lunar exploration program——the third mile-stone for China's space industry[J]. Engineering Science,2007,8(10):31-36
[3] 吴伟仁,刘继忠,唐玉华,等. 中国探月工程[J]. 深空探测学报,2019,6(5):405-416
WU W R,LIU J Z,TANG Y H,et al. China Lunar exploration program[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2019,6(5):405-416
[4] 刘嘉兴. 载人航天USB测控系统及其关键技术[J]. 宇航学报,2005,26(6):743-747
LIU J X. Key technologies of the USB TT&C system for manned space flight[J]. Journal of Astronautics,2005,26(6):743-747
[5] 董光亮,李海涛,郝万宏,等. 中国深空测控系统建设与技术发展[J]. 深空探测学报,2018,5(2):99-114
DONG G L,LI H T,HAO W H,et al. Development and future of China’s deep space TT&C system[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2018,5(2):99-114
[6] 钱志瀚，李金岭. 甚长基线干涉测量技术在深空探测中的应用[M]. 北京：中国科学技术出版社，2012.
QIAN Z H，LI J L. Application of very long baseline interferometry in deep space exploration[M]. Beijing：Science and Technology Press，2012.
[7] MATVEENKO L I,KARDASHEV N S,SHOLIMITSHIKⅡ G B. Large base-line radio interferometrys[J]. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics,1965,8(4):461-463
[8] KELLERMANN K I,COHEN M H. The origin and evolution of NRAO- Cornell VLBI system[J]. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,1988(82):248-265
[9] MORAN J M. Thirty years of VLBI：early days，successes and future[C]//ASP Conference. USA：NASA，1998.
[10] HIRABAYASHI H，HIROSAWA H，VSOP International Team. The VSOP mission: A general introduction and current overview[J]. Advances in Space Research， 2000, 26（4）：589-595.
[11] KARDASHEV N,KHARTOV V,ABRAMOV V,et al. Radioastron -a telescope with a size of 300 000 km:main parameters and first observational results[J]. Astronomy Reports,2013,57(3):153-194
[12] KELLERMANN K,VERMEULEN R C,ZENSUS J,et al. Sub-milliarcsecond imaging of quasars and active galactic nuclei[J]. The Astronomical Journal,1998,115(4):1295-1318
[13] LISTER M,ALLER M,ALLER H,et al. Mojave. xv. VLBA 15 GHz total intensity and polarization maps of 437 parsec-scale AGN jets from 1996 to 2017[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2018,234(1):1-6
[14] HELMBOLDT J F,TAYLOR G B,TREMBLAY S,et al. The VLBA imaging and polarimetry survey at 5 GHz[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2007,658(1):203
[15] KAZUNORI A,ANTXON A,WALTER A,et al. First M87 event horizon telescope results. I. the shadow of the supermassive black hole[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2019,875(1):1-17
[16] GREENHILL L J,JIANG D R,MORAN J M,et al. Detection of a subparsec diameter disk in the nucleus of NGC 4258[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,1995,440:619
[17] REID M J,BRAATZ J A,CONDON J J,et al. The megamaser cosmology project. I. very long baseline interferometric observations of UGC 3789[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2009,695(1):287-291
[18] BRAATZ J A,REID M J,HUMPHREYS E M L,et al. The megamaser cosmology project. Ⅱ. the angular-diameter distance to UGC 3789[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2010,718(2):657
[19] MA C,ARIAS E F,EUBANKS T M,et al. The international celestial reference frame as realized by very long baseline interferometry[J]. The Astronomical Journal,1998,116(1):516
[20] GORDON D,CHRISTOPHER JACOBS C,NTHONY BEASLEY A,et al. Second epoch VLBA calibrator survey observations:VCS-Ⅱ[J]. The Astronomical Journal,2016,51(6):154
[21] SCHUH H,BEHREND D. VLBI:a fascinating technique for geodesy and astrometry[J]. Journal of Geodynamics,2012,61:68-80
[22] BACHMANN S,THALLER D,ROGGENBUCK O,et al. IVS contribution to ITRF2014[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2016,90(7):631-654
[23] XU M H,ANDERSON J M,HEINKELMANN R,et al. Structure effects for 3417 celestial reference frame radio sources[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2019,242(1):5
[24] SALZBERG I. Tracking the Apollo lunar rover with interferometry techniques[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1973,61(9):1233-1236
[25] SMITH J,RAMOS R. Data acquisition for measuring the wind on Venus from Pioneer Venus[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1980,18(1):126-130
[26] MARTTIN-MUR T J,KRUIZINGA G L,BURKHART P D,et al. Mars science laboratory interplanetary navigation[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2014,51(4):1014-1028
[27] GOOSSENS S,MATSUMOTO K,LIU Q,et al. Lunar gravity field determination using SELENE same-beam differential VLBI tracking data[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2011,85(4):205-228
[28] 吴伟仁,王广利,节德刚,等. 基于ΔDOR信号的高精度VLBI技术[J]. 中国科学D辑:信息科学,2013,43(2):185-196
WU W R,WANG G L,JIE D G,et al. High-accuracy VLBI technique using ΔDOR signals[J]. Science Since Information,2013,43(2):185-196
[29] LIU Q H,ZHENG X,HUANG Y,et al. Monitoring motion and measuring relative position of the Chang’E-3 rover[J]. Radio Science,2014,49(11):1080-1086
[30] ZHENG W M,TONG F X,ZHANG J,et al. Interferometry imaging technique for accurate deep-space probe positioning[J]. Advances in Space Research,2017,60(12):2847-2854
[31] 朱人杰,项英,吴亚军,等. 射电天文高速数据采集与处理平台的设计与应用[J]. 天文学进展,2012,30(2):236-245
ZHU R J,XIANG Y,WU Y J,et al. Design and application of radio astronomy high-speed data acquisition and processing platform[J]. Progress in Astronomy,2012,30(2):236-245
[32] LI P J,HU X G,HUANG Y,et al. Orbit determination for Chang’E-2 lunar probe and evaluation of lunar gravity models[J]. Science in China Series G,2012,55(3):514-522
[33] 黄勇,昌胜骐,李培佳,等. 嫦娥三号月球探测器的轨道确定和月面定位[J]. 科学通报,2014,59(23):2268-2277
HUANG Y,CHANG S Q,LI P J,et al. Orbit determination of Chang’E-3 and positioning of the lander and rover[J]. China Science Bull,2014,59(23):2268-2277