Progress in the research on organic piezoelectric catalysts for dye decomposition

Abstract

Organic contaminants have posed a direct and substantial risk to human wellness and the environment. In recent years, piezoelectric catalysis has evolved as a novel and effective method for decomposing these contaminants. Although piezoelectric materials offer a wide range of options, most related studies thus far have focused on inorganic materials and have paid little attention to organic materials. Organic materials have advantages, such as being lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to process, over inorganic materials. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in the research on piezoelectric catalysis using organic materials, high-lighting their catalytic efficiency in addressing various pollutants. In addition, the applications of organic materials in piezoelectric catalysis for water decomposition to produce hydrogen, disinfect bacteria, treat tumors, and reduce carbon dioxide are presented. Finally, future developmental trends regarding the piezoelectric catalytic potential of organic materials are explored.

Keywords

piezoelectric catalysis / piezoelectric material / dye decomposition / organic materials

References

[1] Y.M. Jia, X.X. Wang, Q.C. Zhang, and Z. Wu, Research progress in enhancement strategies and mechanisms of piezo-electro-chemical coupling, Acta Phys. Sin., 72(2023), No. 8, art. No. 087701.

[2] Zhang QC, Jia YM, Chen J, et al. Strongly enhanced piezocatalysis of BiFeO₃/ZnO heterostructure nanomaterials. New J. Chem., 2023, 47(7): 3471.

[3] Y. Wang, X.R. Wen, Y.M. Jia, et al., Piezo-catalysis for nondestructive tooth whitening, Nat. Commun., 11(2020), No. 1, art. No. 1328.

[4] Wang SS, Wu Z, Chen J, et al. Lead-free sodium niobate nanowires with strong piezo-catalysis for dye wastewater degradation. Ceram. Int., 2019, 45(9): 11703.

[5] Xu XL, Wu Z, Xiao LB, et al. Strong piezo-electro-chemical effect of piezoelectric BaTiO₃ nanofibers for vibration-catalysis. J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 762, 915.

[6] Cheng X, Liu ZY, Jing QF, et al. Porous (K_0.5Na_0.5)_0.94 Li_0.06NbO₃-polydimethylsiloxane piezoelectric composites harvesting mechanical energy for efficient decomposition of dye wastewater. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2023, 629, 11.

[7] X.L. Xu, L.B. Xiao, Z. Wu, et al., Harvesting vibration energy to piezo-catalytically generate hydrogen through Bi₂WO₆ layered-perovskite, Nano Energy, 78(2020), art. No. 105351.

[8] Dai XQ, Chen L, Li ZY, et al. CuS/KTa_0.75Nb_0.25O₃ nanocomposite utilizing solar and mechanical energy for catalytic N₂ fixation. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2021, 603, 220.

[9] Yein WT, Wang Q, Li Y, Wu XH. Piezoelectric potential induced the improved micro-pollutant dye degradation of Co doped MoS₂ ultrathin nanosheets in dark. Catal. Commun., 2019, 125, 61.

[10] Qian WQ, Zhao K, Zhang D, Bowen CR, Wang YH, Yang Y. Piezoelectric material-polymer composite porous foam for efficient dye degradation via the piezo-catalytic effect. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11(31): 27862.

[11] Ajmal A, Majeed I, Malik RN, Idriss H, Nadeem MA. Principles and mechanisms of photocatalytic dye degradation on TiO₂ based photocatalysts: A comparative overview. RSC Adv., 2014, 4(70): 37003.

[12] Ismail M, Wu Z, Zhang LH, et al. High-efficient synergy of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis in bismuth oxychloride nanomaterial for dye decomposition. Chemosphere, 2019, 228, 212.

[13] Esmaili H, Kotobi A, Sheibani S, Rashchi F. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by nanostructured Fe/FeS powder under visible light. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2018, 25(2): 244.

[14] Pathania D, Katwal R, Kaur H. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of electrochemically synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2016, 23(3): 358.

[15] Rahmah MI, Sabry RS, Aziz WJ. Preparation and photocatalytic property of Fe₂O₃/ZnO composites with superhydrophobicity. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2021, 28(6): 1072.

[16] Liu DM, Jin CC, Zhang YT, He Y, Wang F. Integrated piezo-photocatalysis of electrospun Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ nanostructures by bi-harvesting visible light and ultrasonic energies. Ceram. Int., 2021, 47(6): 7692.

[17] X.F. Zhou, B. Shen, A. Lyubartsev, J.W. Zhai, and N. Hedin, Semiconducting piezoelectric heterostructures for piezo- and piezophotocatalysis, Nano Energy, 96(2022), art. No. 107141.

[18] Luo WS, Ying JS, Yu SG, et al. ZnS: Cu powders with strong visible-light photocatalysis and pyro-catalysis for roomtemperature dye decomposition. Ceram. Int., 2020, 46(8): 12096.

[19] Masimukku S, Hu YC, Lin ZH, Chan SW, Chou TM, Wu JM. High efficient degradation of dye molecules by PDMS embedded abundant single-layer tungsten disulfide and their antibacterial performance. Nano Energy, 2018, 46, 338.

[20] Liu Y, Qin JN, Lu LL, Xu J, Su XL. Enhanced microwave absorption property of silver decorated biomass ordered porous carbon composite materials with frequency selective surface incorporation. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2023, 30(3): 525.

[21] Zhou M, Liang LJ, Lu DZ, et al. Synergically enhanced piezocatalysis performance of eco-friendly (K_0.52Na_0.48)NbO₃ through ferroelectric polarization and defects. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2023, 30(10): 2044.

[22] Zhang XZ, Xia YP, Liu X, Zhong YM, Zhao HB, Wang PH. Effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure and optoelectrical properties of ZnO thin films and their application in self-powered accelerometers. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2019, 26(9): 1186.

[23] Z.Y. Yao, H.J. Sun, S.B. Xiao, Y.L. Hu, X.F. Liu, and Y. Zhang, Synergetic piezo-photocatalytic effect in a Bi₂MoO₆/BiOBr composite for decomposing organic pollutants, Appl. Surf. Sci., 560(2021), art. No. 150037.

[24] Z.Y. Li, Q.L. Zhang, L.K. Wang, J.Y. Yang, Y. Wu, and Y.M. He, Novel application of Ag/PbBiO₂I nanocomposite in piezocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B via harvesting ultrasonic vibration energy, Ultrason. Sonochem., 78(2021), art. No. 105729.

[25] Hong KS, Xu HF, Konishi H, Li XC. Piezoelectrochemical effect: A new mechanism for azo dye decolorization in aqueous solution through vibrating piezoelectric microfibers. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116(24): 13045.

[26] Ma JP, Ren J, Jia YM, et al. High efficiency bi-harvesting light/vibration energy using piezoelectric zinc oxide nanorods for dye decomposition. Nano Energy, 2019, 62, 376.

[27] You HL, Wu Z, Jia YM, et al. High-efficiency and mechano-/photo- bi-catalysis of piezoelectric-ZnO@ photoelectric-TiO₂ core-shell nanofibers for dye decomposition. Chemosphere, 2017, 183, 528.

[28] J. Yuan, X.Y. Huang, L.L. Zhang, et al., Tuning piezoelectric field for optimizing the coupling effect of piezo-photocatalysis, Appl. Catal. B, 278(2020), art. No. 119291.

[29] Y.D. Yao, Y.M. Jia, Q.C. Zhang, et al., Piezoelectric BaTiO₃ with the milling treatment for highly efficient piezocatalysis under vibration, J. Alloys Compd., 905(2022), art. No. 164234.

[30] Yu CY, Tan MX, Li Y, et al. Ultrahigh piezocatalytic capability in eco-friendly BaTiO₃ nanosheets promoted by 2D morphology engineering. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2021, 596, 288.

[31] Wei HG, Wang H, Xia YJ, et al. An overview of lead-free piezoelectric materials and devices. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6(46): 12446.

[32] L.F. Xie, G.L. Wang, C. Jiang, F.P. Yu, and X. Zhao, Properties and applications of flexible poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based piezoelectric materials, Crystals, 11(2021), No. 6, art. No. 644.

[33] Yang RQ, Liang N, Chen XY, et al. Sn/Sn₃O_4−x heterostructure rich in oxygen vacancies with enhanced visible light photocatalytic oxidation performance. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2021, 28(1): 150.

[34] Chen L, Jia YM, Zhao JH, et al. Strong piezocatalysis in barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites for dye wastewater decomposition. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2021, 586, 758.

[35] You HL, Jia YM, Wu Z, et al. Strong piezo-electrochemical effect of multiferroic BiFeO₃ square micro-sheets for mechanocatalysis. Electrochem. Commun., 2017, 79, 55.

[36] Curie PJ, Curie J. Crystal physics: Development by pressure of polar electricity in hemihedral crystals with inclined faces. CR Acad Sci., 1880, 91, 294.

[37] Kawai HJ. The piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1969, 8(7): 975.

[38] Wang ZL, Song J. Piezoelectric nanogenerators based on zinc oxide nanowire arrays. Science, 2006, 312(5771): 242.

[39] J. Cheng, Y. Chen, J.W. Wu, X.R. Ji, and S.H. Wu, 3D printing of BaTiO₃ piezoelectric ceramics for a focused ultrasonic array, Sensors, 19(2019), No. 19, art. No. 4078.

[40] Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhao G, et al. Stretchable unsymmetrical piezoelectric BaTiO₃ composite hydrogel for triboelectric nanogenerators and multimodal sensors. ACS Nano, 2022, 16(1): 1661.

[41] Liu HC, Quan CG, Tay CJ, Kobayashi T, Lee CK. A MEMS-based piezoelectric cantilever patterned with PZT thin film array for harvesting energy from low frequency vibrations. Phys. Procedia, 2011, 19, 129.

[42] Park KI, Son JH, Hwang GT, et al. Highly-efficient, flexible piezoelectric PZT thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26(16): 2514.

[43] M.G. Kang, W.S. Jung, C.Y. Kang, and S.J. Yoon, Recent progress on PZT based piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies, Actuators, 5(2016), No. 1, art. No. 5.

[44] Koka A, Zhou Z, Sodano HA. Vertically aligned Ba-TiO₃ nanowire arrays for energy harvesting. Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7(1): 288.

[45] K.K. Sappati and S. Bhadra, Piezoelectric polymer and paper substrates: A review, Sensors, 18(2018), No. 11, art. No. 3605.

[46] Cui ZL, Hassankiadeh NT, Zhuang YB, Drioli E, Lee YM. Crystalline polymorphism in poly(vinylidenefluoride) membranes. Prog. Polym. Sci., 2015, 51, 94.

[47] S. Bayan, D. Bhattacharya, R.K. Mitra, and S.K. Ray, Self-powered flexible photodetectors based on Ag nanoparticle-loaded g-C₃N₄ nanosheets and PVDF hybrids: Role of plasmonic and piezoelectric effects, Nanotechnology, 31(2020), No. 36, art. No. 365401.

[48] Soin N, Zhao PF, Prashanthi K, et al. High performance tri-boelectric nanogenerators based on phase-inversion piezoelectric membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-zinc stannate (PVDF-ZnSnO₃) and polyamide-6 (PA6). Nano Energy, 2016, 30, 470.

[49] Yaqoob U, Uddin ASMI, Chung GS. A novel tri-layer flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on surface-modified graphene and PVDF-BaTiO₃ nanocomposites. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, 405, 420.

[50] Khalifa M, Anandhan S. PVDF nanofibers with embedded polyaniline-graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet composites for piezoelectric energy conversion. ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2019, 2(11): 7328.

[51] M. Khalifa, A. Mahendran, and S. Anandhan, Synergism of graphitic-carbon nitride and electrospinning on the physicochemical characteristics and piezoelectric properties of flexible poly(vinylidene fluoride) based nanogenerator, J. Polym. Res., 26(2019), No. 3, art. No. 73.

[52] Roy K, Jana S, Ghosh SK, et al. Three-dimensional MOF-assisted self-polarized ferroelectret: An effective autopowered remote healthcare monitoring approach. Langmuir, 2020, 36(39): 11477.

[53] Ojha S, Paria S, Karan SK, et al. Morphological interference of two different cobalt oxides derived from a hydrothermal protocol and a single two-dimensional metal organic framework precursor to stabilize the β-phase of PVDF for flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators. Nanoscale, 2019, 11(47): 22989.

[54] Fashandi H, Abolhasani MM, Sandoghdar P, Zohdi N, Li QX, Naebe M. Morphological changes towards enhancing piezoelectric properties of PVDF electrical generators using cellulose nanocrystals. Cellulose, 2016, 23(6): 3625.

[55] J. Song, B. Yang, W. Zeng, et al., Highly flexible, large-area, and facile textile-based hybrid nanogenerator with cascaded piezoelectric and triboelectric units for mechanical energy harvesting, Adv. Mater. Technol., 3(2018), No. 6, art. No. 1800016.

[56] Ahn Y, Lim JY, Hong SM, et al. Enhanced piezoelectric properties of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites due to high β-phase formation in poly(vinylidene fluoride). J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117(22): 11791.

[57] Y. Yang, H. Pan, G.Z. Xie, et al., Flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor based on polydopamine-modified BaTiO₃/PVDF composite film for human motion monitoring, Sens. Actuat. A Phys., 301(2020), art. No. 111789.

[58] Kim H, Fernando T, Li MY, Lin YR, Tseng TLB. Fabrication and characterization of 3D printed BaTiO₃/PVDF nanocomposites. J. Compos. Mater., 2018, 52(2): 197.

[59] K.M. Shi, B. Chai, H.Y. Zou, et al., Interface induced performance enhancement in flexible BaTiO₃/PVDF-TrFE based piezoelectric nanogenerators, Nano Energy, 80(2021), art. No. 105515.

[60] Bodkhe S, Rajesh PSM, Gosselin FP, Therriault D. Simultaneous 3D printing and poling of PVDF and its nanocomposites. ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2018, 1(6): 2474.

[61] Kar E, Bose N, Dutta B, Banerjee S, Mukherjee N, Mukherjee S. 2D SnO₂ nanosheet/PVDF composite based flexible, self-cleaning piezoelectric energy harvester. Energy Convers. Manage., 2019, 184, 600.

[62] Ding R, Zhang XL, Chen G, et al. High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators composed of formamidinium lead halide perovskite nanoparticles and poly(vinylidene fluoride). Nano Energy, 2017, 37, 126.

[63] Mahanty B, Ghosh SK, Jana S, Mallick Z, Sarkar S, Mandal D. ZnO nanoparticle confined stress amplified all-fiber piezoelectric nanogenerator for self-powered healthcare monitoring. Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2021, 5(17): 4389.

[64] C.Q. Gao, Z.H. Long, T.Y. Zhong, S. Liang, and L.L. Xing, A self-powered intelligent glove for real-time human-machine gesture interaction based on piezoelectric effect of T-ZnO/PVDF film, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 55(2022), No. 19, art. No. 194004.

[65] P. Gowdhaman, V. Annamalai, H.M. Pandya, and P.R. Kumar, Significance of micro and nano PZT particles on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT-PVDF composites, Int. J. Adv. Sci. Res., 2(2016), No. 3, art. No. 64.

[66] Chang J, Shen Y, Chu XC, et al. Large d ₃₃ and enhanced ferroelectric/dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based composites filled with Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ nanofibers. RSC Adv., 2015, 5(63): 51302.

[67] Chamankar N, Khajavi R, Yousefi AA, Rashidi A, Golestanifard F. A flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor based on PVDF nanocomposite fibers doped with PZT particles for energy harvesting applications. Ceram. Int., 2020, 46(12): 19669.

[68] Fakhri P, Amini B, Bagherzadeh R, et al. Flexible hybrid structure piezoelectric nanogenerator based on ZnO nanorod/PVDF nanofibers with improved output. RSC Adv., 2019, 9(18): 10117.

[69] Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, Simonsen J, Young-blood J. Cellulose nanomaterials review: Structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40(7): 3941.

[70] Chen WS, Yu HP, Lee SY, Wei T, Li J, Fan ZJ. Nanocellulose: A promising nanomaterial for advanced electrochemical energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2018, 47(8): 2837.

[71] Rajala S, Siponkoski T, Sarlin E, et al. Cellulose nanofibril film as a piezoelectric sensor material. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8(24): 15607.

[72] Karan SK, Mandal D, Khatua BB. Self-powered flexible Fe-doped RGO/PVDF nanocomposite: An excellent material for a piezoelectric energy harvester. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(24): 10655.

[73] Surmenev RA, Orlova T, Chernozem RV, et al. Hybrid lead-free polymer-based nanocomposites with improved piezoelectric response for biomedical energy-harvesting applications: A review. Nano Energy, 2019, 62, 475.

[74] Mohammadpourfazeli S, Arash S, Ansari A, Yang SY, Mallick K, Bagherzadeh R. Future prospects and recent developments of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer; fabrication methods, structure, and electro-mechanical properties. RSC Adv., 2023, 13(1): 370.

[75] Wu JM, Chang WE, Chang YT, Chang CK. Piezocatalytic effect on the enhancement of the ultra-high degradation activity in the dark by single- and few-layers MoS₂ nanoflowers. Adv. Mater., 2016, 28(19): 3718.

[76] B. Bagchi, N.A. Hoque, N. Janowicz, S. Das, and M.K. Tiwari, Re-usable self-poled piezoelectric/piezocatalytic films with exceptional energy harvesting and water remediation capability, Nano Energy, 78(2020), art. No. 105339.

[77] W. Ma, B.H. Yao, W. Zhang, Y.Q. He, Y. Yu, and J.F. Niu, Fabrication of PVDF-based piezocatalytic active membrane with enhanced oxytetracycline degradation efficiency through embedding few-layer E-MoS₂ nanosheets, Chem. Eng. J., 415(2021), art. No. 129000.

[78] Singh G, Sharma M, Vaish R. Flexible Ag@LiNbO₃/PVDF composite film for piezocatalytic dye/pharmaceutical degradation and bacterial disinfection. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13(19): 22914.

[79] J.D. Shi, W. Zeng, Z.H. Dai, et al., Piezocatalytic foam for highly efficient degradation of aqueous organics, Small Sci., 1(2021), No. 2, art. No. 2000011.

[80] Tian JJ, Hu YG, Zhang J. Chemiluminescence detection of permanganate index (COD_Mn)bya luminol-KMnO₄ based reaction. J. Environ. Sci., 2008, 20(2): 252.

[81] L.C. Wan, W.R. Tian, N.J. Li, et al., Hydrophilic porous PVDF membrane embedded with BaTiO₃ featuring controlled oxygen vacancies for piezocatalytic water cleaning, Nano Energy, 94(2022), art. No. 106930.

[82] Liao XM, Chen XQ, Tang Y, et al. Enhanced piezocatalytic reactive oxygen species production activity and recyclability of the dual piezoelectric Cu₃B₂O₆/PVDF composite membrane. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15(1): 1286.

[83] He HX, Fu YM, Zang WL, et al. A flexible self-powered T-ZnO/PVDF/fabric electronic-skin with multi-functions of tactile-perception, atmosphere-detection and self-clean. Nano Energy, 2017, 31, 37.

[84] Verma S, Sharma M, Vaish R. Photo-piezocatalysis in electrospun PVDF + WS₂ membrane. Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2022, 9(10): 3885.

[85] C. Porwal, S. Verma, M. Kumar, V.S. Chauhan, and R. Vaish, Bismuth vanadate-reduced graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun composite membrane for piezo-photocatalysis, Nano Struct. Nano Objects, 34(2023), art. No. 100969.

[86] F. Orudzhev, S. Ramazanov, D. Sobola, et al., Ultrasound and water flow driven piezophototronic effect in self-polarized flexible α-Fe₂O₃ containing PVDF nanofibers film for enhanced catalytic oxidation, Nano Energy, 90(2021), art. No. 106586.

[87] Wen JQ, Xie J, Chen XB, Li X. A review on g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, 391, 72.

[88] J.W. Fu, J.G. Yu, C.J. Jiang, and B. Cheng, g-C₃N₄-based heterostructured photocatalysts, Adv. Energy Mater., 8(2018), No. 3, art. No. 1701503.

[89] Lei H, Wu MX, Mo F, et al. Efficiently harvesting the ultrasonic vibration energy of two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride for piezocatalytic degradation of dichlorophenols. Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2021, 8(5): 1398.

[90] H. Lei, Q.S. He, M.X. Wu, Y.Y. Xu, P.F. Sun, and X.P. Dong, Piezoelectric polarization promoted spatial separation of photoexcited electrons and holes in two-dimensional g-C₃N₄ nanosheets for efficient elimination of chlorophenols, J. Hazard. Mater., 421(2022), art. No. 126696.

[91] R.D. Tang, D.X. Gong, Y.Y. Zhou, et al., Unique g-C₃N₄/PDI-g-C₃N₄ homojunction with synergistic piezo-photocatalytic effect for aquatic contaminant control and H₂O₂ generation under visible light, Appl. Catal. B, 303(2022), art. No. 120929.

[92] Y.Q. Shao, C.C. Liu, H.R. Ma, et al., Piezocatalytic performance difference of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) derived from different precursors, Chem. Phys. Lett., 801(2022), art. No. 139748.

[93] Zheng YQ, Jia YM, Li HM, Wu Z, Dong XP. Enhanced piezo-electro-chemical coupling of BaTiO₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite for vibration-catalysis. J. Mater. Sci., 2020, 55(30): 14787.

[94] Ekande OS, Kumar M. New insight on interfacial charge transfer at graphitic carbon nitride/sodium niobate heterojunction under piezoelectric effect for the generation of reactive oxygen species. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2023, 651, 477.

[95] Wang Q, Astruc D. State of the art and prospects in metal-organic framework (MOF)-based and MOF-derived nanocatalysis. Chem. Rev., 2020, 120(2): 1438.

[96] Freund R, Zaremba O, Arnauts G, et al. The Current status of MOF and COF applications. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2021, 60(45): 23975.

[97] B.L. Xu, Z.J. Huang, Y.H. Liu, S.S. Li, and H.Y. Liu, MOF-based nanomedicines inspired by structures of natural active components, Nano Today, 48(2023), art. No. 101690.

[98] Z.H. Kang, M.S. Chen, E.Z. Lin, et al., Functionalized MIL-53 and its derivatives modified Bi₂WO₆ as effective piezocatalysts and membranes for adsorption and decomposition of organic pollutants, Sep. Purif. Technol., 306(2023), art. No. 122618.

[99] S.H. Dong, L.Y. Wang, W.Y. Lou, et al., Bi-MOFs with two different morphologies promoting degradation of organic dye under simultaneous photo-irradiation and ultrasound vibration treatment, Ultrason. Sonochem., 91(2022), art. No. 106223.

[100] Garibay SJ, Cohen SM. Isoreticular synthesis and modification of frameworks with the UiO-66 topology. Chem. Commun., 2010, 46(41): 7700.

[101] Dhakshinamoorthy A, Santiago-Portillo A, Asiri AM, Garcia H. Engineering UiO-66 metal organic framework for heterogeneous catalysis. ChemCatChem, 2019, 11(3): 899.

[102] Z.M. Guo, N. Li, S.X. Zuo, et al., Construction of a novel metal–organic framework adenine-UiO-66 piezocatalyst for efficient diclofenac removal, Sep. Purif. Technol., 289(2022), art. No. 120743.

[103] Wang YN, Zhang NN, Wang RH, et al. Bimetallic UiO-66-NH₂(Zr–Hf) synergistic photocatalytic and piezoelectric effects for the degradation of rhodamine B. Dalton Trans., 2023, 52(29): 10079.

[104] Z.L. Wu, Y.P. Wang, Z.K. Xiong, et al., Core-shell magnetic Fe₃O₄@Zn/Co-ZIFs to activate peroxymonosulfate for highly efficient degradation of carbamazepine, Appl. Catal. B, 277(2020), art. No. 119136.

[105] Y. Liu, H. Cheng, M. Cheng, et al., The application of Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and their derivatives based materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and pollutants treatment, Chem. Eng. J., 417(2021), art. No. 127914.

[106] L.J. Ruan, Y.M. Jia, J.F. Guan, et al., Highly piezocatalysis of metal-organic frameworks material ZIF-8 under vibration, Sep. Purif. Technol., 283(2022), art. No. 120159.

[107] Cao J, Zhou H, Huang CP, Wu Q, Yao WF. ZIF-8-derived Zn, N-codoped porous carbon as a high-performance piezocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation and hydrogen production. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2023, 645, 794.

[108] Q. Guo, Y. Huang, M.D. Xu, et al., PTFE porous membrane technology: A comprehensive review, J. Membr. Sci., 664(2022), art. No. 121115.

[109] J.X. Zhu, Y.L. Zhu, and X.H. Wang, A hybrid piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerator with PVDF nanoparticles and leaf-shaped microstructure PTFE film for scavenging mechanical energy, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 5(2018), No. 2, art. No. 1700750.

[110] Y.F. Wang, Y.M. Xu, S.S. Dong, et al., Ultrasonic activation of inert poly(tetrafluoroethylene) enables piezocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species, Nat. Commun., 12(2021), No. 1, art. No. 3508.

[111] Zhang S, Yu HM, Zhu XT, et al. Highly efficient piezocatalytic activity of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) for large-scale organic wastewater purification. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2023, 5(5): 3585.

[112] L.Y. He, L.J. Wu, S.T. Shen, et al., A novel Fe-PTFE magnetic composite prepared by ball milling for the efficient degradation of imidacloprid: Insights into interaction mechanisms based on ultrasonic piezoelectric catalysis, Sci. Total Environ., 864(2023), art. No. 161082.

[113] Yan XD, Zheng MP, Gao X, Zhu MK, Hou YD. High-performance lead-free ferroelectric BZT–BCT and its application in energy fields. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8(39): 13530.

[114] Xie XC, Zhou ZY, Liang RH, Dong XL. Significantly enhanced piezoelectric performance in Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-based high-temperature piezoceramics via oxygen vacancy defects tailoring. J. Materiomics, 2021, 7(1): 59.

[115] J.F. Guan, Y.M. Jia, T. Chang, et al., Highly efficient piezocatalysis of the heat-treated cellulose nanocrystal for dye decomposition driven by ultrasonic vibration, Sep. Purif. Technol., 286(2022), art. No. 120450.

[116] C. Hu, F. Chen, Y.G. Wang, et al., Exceptional cocatalyst-free photo-enhanced piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution of carbon nitride nanosheets from strong In-plane polarization, Adv. Mater., 33(2021), No. 24, art. No. e2101751.

[117] C. Hu, J.C. Hu, Z.J. Zhu, et al., Orthogonal charge transfer by precise positioning of silver single atoms and clusters on carbon nitride for efficient piezocatalytic pure water splitting, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 61(2022), No. 43, art. No. e202212397.

[118] T.T. Xu, Z.H. Xia, H.G. Li, P. Niu, S.L. Wang, and L. Li, Constructing crystalline g - C₃N₄/g - C₃N_4−xS_x isotype heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic and piezocatalytic performances, Energy Environ. Mater., 6(2023), No. 2, art. No. e12306.

[119] He J, Yi ZR, Chen QQ, Li Z, Hu JY, Zhu MS. Harvesting mechanical energy induces piezoelectric polarization of MIL-100(Fe) for cocatalyst-free hydrogen production. Chem. Commun., 2022, 58(76): 10723.

[120] Zhao SY, Liu MS, Zhang YQ, et al. Harvesting mechanical energy for hydrogen generation by piezoelectric metal–organic frameworks. Mater. Horiz., 2022, 9(7): 1978.

[121] M.L. Xu, M. Lu, G.Y. Qin, et al., Piezo-photocatalytic synergy in BiFeO₃@COF Z-scheme heterostructures for high-efficiency overall water splitting, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 61(2022), No. 44, art. No. e202210700.

[122] R.Y. Wang, T. Zhou, X.W. Zhang, and L. Liu, Force-responsive antibiofouling strategy based on the ultrasound-controlled piezoelectric effect, Appl. Surf. Sci., 603(2022), art. No. 154467.

[123] Zhu ZX, Gou X, Liu LY, et al. Dynamically evolving piezoelectric nanocomposites for antibacterial and repair-promoting applications in infected wound healing. Acta Biomater., 2023, 157, 566.

[124] K. Xie, Z.A. Zhou, Y. Guo, et al., Long-term prevention of bacterial infection and enhanced osteoinductivity of a hybrid coating with selective silver toxicity, Adv. Healthc. Mater., 8(2019), No. 5, art. No. 1801465.

[125] A.A. Issa, M.A. Al-Maadeed, A.S. Luyt, D. Ponnamma, and M.K. Hassan, Physico-mechanical, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of PVDF electrospun mats containing silver nanoparticles, C—J. Carbon Res., 3(2017), No. 4, art. No. 30.

[126] Su HL, Chou CC, Hung DJ, et al. The disruption of bacterial membrane integrity through ROS generation induced by nanohybrids of silver and clay. Biomaterials, 2009, 30(30): 5979.

[127] C.J. Shuai, G.F. Liu, Y.W. Yang, et al., A strawberry-like Ag-decorated barium titanate enhances piezoelectric and antibacterial activities of polymer scaffold, Nano Energy, 74(2020), art. No. 104825.

[128] Cai LH, Du JJ, Han FP, et al. Piezoelectric metal–organic frameworks based sonosensitizer for enhanced nanozyme catalytic and sonodynamic therapies. ACS Nano, 2023, 17(8): 7901.

[129] S.L. Zhang, C. Liu, Z.X. Li, et al., Sonoactivated cascade Fenton reaction enhanced by synergistic modulation of electron–hole separation for improved tumor therapy, Adv. Healthc. Mater., 12(2023), No. 26, art. No. e2300982.

[130] Yuan M, Liang S, Zhou Y, et al. A robust oxygen-carrying hemoglobin-based natural sonosensitizer for sonodynamic cancer therapy. Nano Lett., 2021, 21(14): 6042.

[131] H.N. Huang, R. Shi, Z.H. Li, J.Q. Zhao, C.L. Su, and T.R. Zhang, Triphase photocatalytic CO₂ reduction over silver-decorated titanium oxide at a gas-water boundary, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 61(2022), No. 17, art. No. e202200802.

[132] Q.L. Xu, Z.H. Xia, J.M. Zhang, et al., Recent advances in solar-driven CO₂ reduction over g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts, Carbon Energy, 5(2023), No. 2, art. No. e205.

[133] Chang ZY, Wang P, Zhang JL, Jiao KX, Zhang YQ, Liu ZJ. Effect of CO₂ and H₂O on gasification dissolution and deep reaction of coke. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2018, 25(12): 1402.

[134] Z.J. Wei, T. Ji, X.M. Zhou, et al., Synergistic enhancement of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction by built-in electric field/piezoelectric effect and surface plasmon resonance via PVDF/CdS/Ag heterostructure, Small, 19(2023), No. 52, art. No. e2304202.

[135] C. Hu, H.Y. Sun, X.M. Jia, H.L. Lin, J. Cao, and S.F. Chen, Piezoelectric polarization and empty conduction band of zinc sulfide: Structure modulation on graphitic carbon nitride for carbon dioxide reduction to methane, ChemPhotoChem, 6(2022), No. 11, art. No. e202200150.

[136] Q.C. Zhang, Y.M. Jia, W.W. Wu, et al., Review on strategies toward efficient piezocatalysis of BaTiO₃ nanomaterials for wastewater treatment through harvesting vibration energy, Nano Energy, 113(2023), art. No. 108507.

[137] Guan JF, Jia YM, Cao JL, et al. Enhancement of piezoelectric catalysis of Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ with electric poling for dye decomposition. Ceram. Int., 2022, 48(3): 3695.

[138] M.D. Zhu, S.Q. Li, H.F. Zhang, et al., Diffused phase transition boosted dye degradation with Ba (Zr_xTi_1−x)O₃ solid solutions through piezoelectric effect, Nano Energy, 89(2021), art. No. 106474.