Development in oxide metallurgy for improving the weldability of high-strength low-alloy steel—Combined deoxidizers and microalloying elements
Tingting Li, Jian Yang
Development in oxide metallurgy for improving the weldability of high-strength low-alloy steel—Combined deoxidizers and microalloying elements
The mechanisms of oxide metallurgy include inducing the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) using micron-sized inclusions and restricting the growth of prior austenite grains (PAGs) by nanosized particles during welding. The chaotically oriented IAF and refined PAGs inhibit crack initiation and propagation in the steel, resulting in high impact toughness. This work summarizes the combined effect of deoxidizers and alloying elements, with the aim to provide a new perspective for the research and practice related to improving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone (HAZ) during the high heat input welding. Ti complex deoxidation with other strong deoxidants, such as Mg, Ca, Zr, and rare earth metals (REMs), can improve the toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) by refining PAGs or increasing IAF contents. However, it is difficult to identify the specific phase responsible for IAF nucleation because effective inclusions formed by complex deoxidation are usually multiphase. Increasing alloying elements, such as C, Si, Al, Nb, or Cr, contents can impair HAZ toughness. A high C content typically increases the number of coarse carbides and decreases the potency of IAF formation. Si, Cr, or Al addition leads to the formation of undesirable microstructures. Nb reduces the high-temperature stability of the precipitates. Mo, V, and B can enhance HAZ toughness. Mo-containing precipitates present good thermal stability. VN or V(C,N) is effective in promoting IAF nucleation due to its good coherent crystallographic relationship with ferrite. The formation of the B-depleted zone around the inclusion promotes IAF formation. The interactions between alloying elements are complex, and the effect of adding different alloying elements remains to be evaluated. In the future, the interactions between various alloying elements and their effects on oxide metallurgy, as well as the calculation of the nucleation effects of effective inclusions using first principles calculations will become the focus of oxide metallurgy.
oxide metallurgy technology / heat affected zone / high-strength low-alloy steel / intragranular acicular ferrite / microalloying element
| [[1]] |
|
| [[2]] |
R.M. Geng, J. Li, C.B. Shi, J.G. Zhi, and B. Lu, Effect of Ce on microstructures, carbides and mechanical properties in simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of 800-MPa high-strength low-alloy steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 840(2022), art. No. 142919.
|
| [[3]] |
|
| [[4]] |
|
| [[5]] |
|
| [[6]] |
|
| [[7]] |
|
| [[8]] |
|
| [[9]] |
D.P. Zhu, W. Zhang, Z.X. Ding, and J. Kim, Investigation of crack propagation driving force based on crystal plasticity and cyclic J-integral, Eng. Fract. Mech., 289(2023), art. No. 109362.
|
| [[10]] |
|
| [[11]] |
|
| [[12]] |
|
| [[13]] |
X. Wang, C. Wang, J. Kang, G. Yuan, R.D.K. Misra, and G.D. Wang, Improved toughness of double-pass welding heat affected zone by fine Ti–Ca oxide inclusions for high-strength low-alloy steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 780(2020), art. No. 139198.
|
| [[14]] |
|
| [[15]] |
|
| [[16]] |
|
| [[17]] |
|
| [[18]] |
X.Q. Pan, J.J. Zhi, Z.J. Fan, Y.H. Zhang, and J. Yang, Relationship between the microstructure and impact toughness of the coarse-grained heat-affected zone for offshore engineering steels with different Mg contents, Steel Res. Int., 92(2021), No. 10, art. No. 2100099.
|
| [[19]] |
|
| [[20]] |
|
| [[21]] |
|
| [[22]] |
|
| [[23]] |
|
| [[24]] |
|
| [[25]] |
|
| [[26]] |
|
| [[27]] |
|
| [[28]] |
|
| [[29]] |
W. Liang, R.M. Geng, J.G. Zhi, J. Li, and F. Huang, Oxide metallurgy technology in high strength steel: A review, Materials, 15(2022), No. 4, art. No. 1350.
|
| [[30]] |
F. Pan, J. Zhang, H.L. Chen, et al., Effects of rare earth metals on steel microstructures, Materials, 9(2016), No. 6, art. No. E417.
|
| [[31]] |
|
| [[32]] |
X.Q. Pan, J. Yang, Y.H. Zhang, and R.B. Li, Effect of Si content on the microstructures and toughness in heat-affected zone of offshore engineering steels with Mg deoxidation, Steel Res. Int., 94(2023), No. 3, art. No. 2200534.
|
| [[33]] |
|
| [[34]] |
|
| [[35]] |
X.J. Liu, G. Yuan, R.D.K. Misra, and G.D. Wang, A comparative study of acicular ferrite transformation behavior between surface and interior in a low C–Mn steel by HT-LSCM, Metals, 11(2021), No. 5, art. No. 699.
|
| [[36]] |
|
| [[37]] |
|
| [[38]] |
|
| [[39]] |
|
| [[40]] |
|
| [[41]] |
|
| [[42]] |
|
| [[43]] |
|
| [[44]] |
|
| [[45]] |
|
| [[46]] |
|
| [[47]] |
X. Wang, C. Wang, J. Kang, G. Yuan, R.D.K. Misra, and G.D. Wang, An in situ microscopy study on nucleation and growth of acicular ferrite in Ti–Ca–Zr deoxidized low-carbon steel, Mater. Charact., 165(2020), art. No. 110381.
|
| [[48]] |
|
| [[49]] |
|
| [[50]] |
L.Y. Xu, J. Yang, and R.Z. Wang, Influence of Al content on the inclusion-microstructure relationship in the heat-affected zone of a steel plate with Mg deoxidation after high-heat-input welding, Metals, 8(2018), No. 12, art. No. 1027.
|
| [[51]] |
|
| [[52]] |
|
| [[53]] |
|
| [[54]] |
|
| [[55]] |
|
| [[56]] |
|
| [[57]] |
|
| [[58]] |
|
| [[59]] |
|
| [[60]] |
|
| [[61]] |
J. Takamura and S. Mizoguchi, Roles of oxides in steels performance, [in] Proceedings of the 6th International Iron and Steel Congress, Japan, 1990, p. 591.
|
| [[62]] |
Y. Wang, L.G. Zhu, Q.J. Zhang, C.J. Zhang, and S.M. Wang, Effect of Mg treatment on refining the microstructure and improving the toughness of the heat-affected zone in shipbuilding steel, Metals, 8(2018), No. 8, art. No. 616.
|
| [[63]] |
|
| [[64]] |
|
| [[65]] |
|
| [[66]] |
|
| [[67]] |
|
| [[68]] |
|
| [[69]] |
|
| [[70]] |
|
| [[71]] |
|
| [[72]] |
|
| [[73]] |
|
| [[74]] |
|
| [[75]] |
|
| [[76]] |
|
| [[77]] |
|
| [[78]] |
|
| [[79]] |
|
| [[80]] |
|
| [[81]] |
|
| [[82]] |
|
| [[83]] |
|
| [[84]] |
|
| [[85]] |
|
| [[86]] |
|
| [[87]] |
|
| [[88]] |
R.Z. Wang, J. Yang, and L.Y. Xu, Improvement of heat-affected zone toughness of steel plates for high heat input welding by inclusion control with Ca deoxidation, Metals, 8(2018), No. 11, art. No. 946.
|
| [[89]] |
|
| [[90]] |
Z. Liu, B. Song, Z.B. Yang, et al., Effect of cerium content on the evolution of inclusions and formation of acicular ferrite in Ti–Mg-killed EH36 steel, Metals, 10(2020), No. 7, art. No. 863.
|
| [[91]] |
|
| [[92]] |
L. Liang, B. Zhang, L.Y. Yan, et al., Evolution behaviour of inclusions via oxide metallurgy of NM450 ultrahigh-strength steel, Mater. Res. Express, 8(2021), No. 10, art. No. 105602.
|
| [[93]] |
|
| [[94]] |
L.Y. Xu, J. Yang, J. Park, and H. Ono, Mechanism of improving heat-affected zone toughness of steel plate with Mg deoxidation after high-heat-input welding, Metals, 10(2020), No. 2, art. No. 162.
|
| [[95]] |
|
| [[96]] |
L.G. Sun, H.R. Li, L.G. Zhu, Y.S. Liu, and J. Hwang, Research on the evolution mechanism of pinned particles in welding HAZ of Mg treated shipbuilding steel, Mater. Des., 192(2020), art. No. 108670.
|
| [[97]] |
|
| [[98]] |
|
| [[99]] |
H.N. Lou, C. Wang, B.X. Wang, Z.D. Wang, Y.Q. Li, and Z.G. Chen, Inclusion evolution behavior of Ti–Mg oxide metallurgy steel and its effect on a high heat input welding HAZ, Metals, 8(2018), No. 7, art. No. 534.
|
| [[100]] |
L.Y. Xu, J. Yang, R.Z. Wang, W.L. Wang, and Z.M. Ren, Effect of welding heat input on microstructure and toughness of heated-affected zone in steel plate with Mg deoxidation, Steel Res. Int., 88(2017), No. 12, art. No. 1700157.
|
| [[101]] |
|
| [[102]] |
|
| [[103]] |
H. Kong, Y.H. Zhou, H. Lin, et al., The mechanism of intragranular acicular ferrite nucleation induced by Mg–Al–O inclusions, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015(2015), art. No. 378678.
|
| [[104]] |
|
| [[105]] |
|
| [[106]] |
|
| [[107]] |
Y.H. Zhang, J. Yang, L.Y. Xu, et al., The effect of Ca content on the formation behavior of inclusions in the heat affected zone of thick high-strength low-alloy steel plates after large heat input weldings, Metals, 9(2019), No. 12, art. No. 1328.
|
| [[108]] |
|
| [[109]] |
X. Wang, Y. Chen, C. Wang, et al., Effect of heat input on microstructure and impact toughness of coarse-grained heat-affected zone in Al–Ca and Ti–Ca killed steels, Steel Res. Int., 91(2020), No. 9, art. No. 2000133.
|
| [[110]] |
|
| [[111]] |
Y.X. Cao, X.L. Wan, Y.H. Hou, C.R. Niu, Y. Liu, and G.Q. Li, In situ observation of grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone of Al–Ti–0.05% Ce-deoxidized steel, Steel Res. Int., 90(2019), No. 9, art. No. 1900084.
|
| [[112]] |
|
| [[113]] |
|
| [[114]] |
|
| [[115]] |
|
| [[116]] |
|
| [[117]] |
|
| [[118]] |
|
| [[119]] |
|
| [[120]] |
Y.X. Cao, X.L. Wan, F. Zhou, et al., Effect of Ce content on microstructure-toughness relationship in the simulated coarsegrained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels, Metals, 11(2021), No. 12, art. No. 2003.
|
| [[121]] |
Y.X. Cao, X.L. Wan, Y.H. Hou, Y. Liu, M.M. Song, and G.Q. Li, Comparative study on the effect of Y content on grain refinement in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of X70 pipeline steels, Micron, 127(2019), art. No. 102758.
|
| [[122]] |
|
| [[123]] |
|
| [[124]] |
|
| [[125]] |
|
| [[126]] |
|
| [[127]] |
|
| [[128]] |
|
| [[129]] |
|
| [[130]] |
D.K. Liu, J. Yang, Y.H. Zhang, and R.B. Li, Effect of C and Si contents on microstructure and impact toughness in CGHAZ of offshore engineering steel, Metall. Res. Technol., 119(2022), No. 6, art. No. 615.
|
| [[131]] |
Y. Zhang, G.H. Shi, R. Sun, K. Guo, C.L. Zhang, and Q.F. Wang, Effect of Si content on the microstructures and the impact properties in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of typical weathering steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 762(2019), art. No. 138082.
|
| [[132]] |
|
| [[133]] |
|
| [[134]] |
|
| [[135]] |
|
| [[136]] |
|
| [[137]] |
T.T. Li, J. Yang, Y.H. Zhang, Y.L. Chen, and Y.Q. Zhang, Particles, microstructures, and impact toughness of CGHAZ of Ca deoxidation shipbuilding steel plates with different Nb contents, Steel Res. Int., 94(2023), No. 8, art. No. 2300020.
|
| [[138]] |
|
| [[139]] |
|
| [[140]] |
|
| [[141]] |
|
| [[142]] |
|
| [[143]] |
|
| [[144]] |
|
| [[145]] |
X.Y. Wu, P.C. Xiao, S.J. Wu, et al., Effect of molybdenum on the impact toughness of heat-affected zone in high-strength low-alloy steel, Materials, 14(2021), No. 6, art. No. 1430.
|
| [[146]] |
|
| [[147]] |
X.Q. Pan, J. Yang, and Y.H. Zhang, Effect of B segregation at prior austenite grain boundaries on microstructures and toughness in the heat-affected zone of Mg-deoxidized shipbuilding steel plates, Steel Res. Int., 93(2022), No. 8, art. No. 2200102.
|
| [[148]] |
|
| [[149]] |
D.K. Liu, J. Yang, and Y.H. Zhang, Effect of boron content on microstructure and impact toughness in CGHAZ of shipbuilding steel plates with Ca deoxidation, Steel Res. Int., 94(2023), No. 3, art. No. 2200278.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
AI Summary
