Alkyl dimethyl betaine activates the low-temperature collection capacity of sodium oleate for scheelite

Abstract

The impact of alkyl dimethyl betaine (ADB) on the collection capacity of sodium oleate (NaOl) at low temperatures was evaluated using flotation tests at various scales. The low-temperature synergistic mechanism of ADB and NaOl was explored by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface tension measurement, foam performance test, and flotation reagent size measurement. The flotation tests revealed that the collector mixed with octadecyl dimethyl betaine (ODB) and NaOl in a mass ratio of 4:96 exhibited the highest collection capacity. The combined collector could increase the scheelite recovery by 3.48% at low temperatures of 8–12°C. This is particularly relevant in the Luanchuan area, which has the largest scheelite concentrate output in China. The results confirmed that ODB enhanced the collection capability of NaOl by improving the dispersion and foaming performance. Betaine can be introduced as an additive to NaOl to improve the recovery of scheelite at low temperatures.

Keywords

scheelite / betaine / low temperature / synergistic effect / dispersion / foamability

References

[[1]] Cao QB, Cheng JH, Wen SM, Li CX, Bai SJ, Liu D. A mixed collector system for phosphate flotation. Miner. Eng., 2015, 78: 114,

[[2]] Zhou F, Chen T, Yan CJ, et al.. The flotation of low-grade manganese ore using a novel linoleate hydroxamic acid. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2015, 466: 1,

[[3]] Yu HM, Wang HJ, Sun CY. Comparative studies on phosphate ore flotation collectors prepared by hogwash oil from different regions. Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2018, 28(3): 453,

[[4]] Luo XM, Yin WZ, Wang YF, Sun CY, Ma YQ, Liu J. Effect and mechanism of dolomite with different size fractions on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector. J. Cent. South Univ., 2016, 23(3): 529,

[[5]] Wang X, Qin WQ, Jiao F, et al.. Review of tungsten resource reserves, tungsten concentrate production and tungsten beneficiation technology in China. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2022, 32(7): 2318,

[[6]] Kupka N, Rudolph M. Froth flotation of scheelite—A review. Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2018, 28(3): 373,

[[7]] Jia WH, Qin WQ, Chen C, Zhu HL, Jiao F. Collecting performance of vegetable oils in scheelite flotation and differential analysis. J. Cent. South Univ., 2019, 26(4): 787,

[[8]] W.D. Guo, Y.X. Han, Y.M. Zhu, Y.J. Li, and Z.D. Tang, Effect of amide group on the flotation performance of lauric acid, Appl. Surf. Sci., 505(2020), art. No. 144627.

[[9]] Zhang H, Liu WG, Han C, Hao HQ. Effects of monohydric alcohols on the flotation of magnesite and dolomite by sodium oleate. J. Mol. Liq., 2018, 249: 1060,

[[10]] He JF, Liu CG, Yao YK. Flotation intensification of the coal slime using a new compound collector and the interaction mechanism between the reagent and coal surface. Powder Technol., 2018, 325: 333,

[[11]] Coward T, Lee JGM, Caldwell GS. Harvesting microalgae by CTAB-aided foam flotation increases lipid recovery and improves fatty acid methyl ester characteristics. Biomass Bioenergy, 2014, 67: 354,

[[12]] Krasowska M, Zawala J, Bradshaw-Hajek BH, Ferri JK, Beattie DA. Interfacial characterisation for flotation: 1. solid-liquid interface. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 2018, 37: 61,

[[13]] Vidyadhar A, Kumari N, Bhagat RP. Adsorption mechanism of mixed collector systems on hematite flotation. Miner. Eng., 2012, 26: 102,

[[14]] Tian J, Xu LH, Deng W, Jiang H, Gao ZY, Hu YH. Adsorption mechanism of new mixed anionic/cationic collectors in a spodumene-feldspar flotation system. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2017, 164: 99,

[[15]] López-Díaz D, García-Mateos I, Velázquez MM. Synergism in mixtures of zwitterionic and ionic surfactants. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2005, 270–271: 153,

[[16]] W.H. Jia, F. Jiao, H.L. Zhu, L. Xu, and W.Q. Qin, Mitigating the negative effects of feldspar slime on spodumene flotation using mixed anionic/cationic collector, Miner. Eng., 168(2021), art. No. 106813.

[[17]] Filippov LO, Filippova IV, Lafhaj Z, Fornasiero D. The role of a fatty alcohol in improving calcium minerals flotation with oleate. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2019, 560: 410,

[[18]] Sis H, Chander S. Improving froth characteristics and flotation recovery of phosphate ores with nonionic surfactants. Miner. Eng., 2003, 16(7): 587,

[[19]] Theander K, Pugh RJ. Synergism and foaming properties in mixed nonionic/fatty acid soap surfactant systems. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2003, 267(1): 9,

[[20]] C. Chen, H.L. Zhu, W. Sun, Y.H. Hu, W.Q. Qin, and R.Q. Liu, Synergetic effect of the mixed anionic/non-ionic collectors in low temperature flotation of scheelite, Minerals, 7(2017), No. 6, art. No. 87.

[[21]] W.H. Sun, W.G. Liu, S.J. Dai, T. Yang, H. Duan, and W.B. Liu, Effect of Tween 80 on flotation separation of magnesite and dolomite using NaOL as the collector, J. Mol. Liq., 315(2020), art. No. 113712.

[[22]] Liu ZY, Xu ZC, Zhou H, et al.. Interfacial behaviors of betaine and binary betaine/carboxylic acid mixtures in molecular dynamics simulation. J. Mol. Liq., 2017, 240: 412,

[[23]] J.B. Yang and J.R. Hou, Synthesis of erucic amide propyl betaine compound fracturing fluid system, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 602(2020), art. No. 125098.

[[24]] Lu XL, Zhang M, Xie L, Zhou Q. Coagulative colloidal gas aphrons generated from polyaluminum chloride (PACl)/do-decyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12) solution: Interfacial characteristics and flotation potential. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2017, 530: 209,

[[25]] Zhou ZH, Ma DS, Zhang Q, et al.. Surface dilational rheology of betaine surfactants: Effect of molecular structures. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2018, 538: 739,

[[26]] Shao WY, Zhang JY, Wang K, Liu CR, Cui SM. Cocamidopropyl betaine-assisted foam separation of freshwater microalgae Desmodesmus brasiliensis. Bioehem. Eng. J., 2018, 140: 38,

[[27]] Wang X, Qin WQ, Jiao F, et al.. Review on development of low-grade scheelite recovery from molybdenum tailings in Luanchuan, China: A case study of Luoyang Yulu Mining Company. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2022, 32(3): 980,

[[28]] X. Wang, W.H. Jia, C.R. Yang, et al., Innovative application of sodium tripolyphosphate for the flotation separation of scheelite from calcite, Miner. Eng., 170(2021), art. No. 106981.

[[29]] Kupka N, Rudolph M. Role of sodium carbonate in scheelite flotation—A multi-faceted reagent. Miner. Eng., 2018, 129: 120,

[[30]] Y. Foucaud, L. Filippov, I. Filippova, and M. Badawi, The challenge of tungsten skarn processing by froth flotation: A review, Front. Chem., 8(2020), art. No. 230.

[[31]] Wang X, Song H, Jiao F, et al.. Utilization of wastewater from zeolite production in synthesis of flotation reagents. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2020, 30(11): 3093,

[[32]] Gaudin T, Rotureau P, Pezron I, Fayet G. Investigating the impact of sugar-based surfactants structure on surface tension at critical micelle concentration with structure-property relationships. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2018, 516: 162,

[[33]] Calvo E, Bravo R, Amigo A, Gracia-Fadrique J. Dynamic surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of nonyl phenol ethoxylates. Fluid Phase Equilib., 2009, 282(1): 14,

[[34]] J. Church, M.R. Willner, B.R. Renfro, et al., Impact of interfacial tension and critical micelle concentration on bilgewater oil separation, J. Water Process. Eng., 39(2021), art. No. 101684.

[[35]] A. Pal, R. Punia, and G.P. Dubey, Formation of mixed micelles in an aqueous mixture of a biamphiphilic surface active ionic liquid and an anionic surfactant: Experimental and theoretical study, J. Mol. Liq., 337(2021), art. No. 116355.

[[36]] Hussain SMS, Kamal MS, Fogang LT. Synthesis and physicochemical investigation of betaine type polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactants containing different ionic headgroups. J. Mol. Struct., 2019, 1178: 83,

[[37]] Atrafi A, Pawlik M. Foamability of fatty acid solutions and surfactant transfer between foam and solution phases. Miner. Eng., 2017, 100: 99,

[[38]] Y.F. Cui, F. Jiao, Q. Wei, X. Wang, and L.Y. Dong, Flotation separation of fluorite from calcite using sulfonated lignite as depressant, Sep. Purif. Technol., 242(2020), art. No. 116698.

[[39]] X. Wang, F. Jiao, W.Q. Qin, et al., Sulfonated brown coal: A novel depressant for the selective flotation of scheelite from calcite, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 602(2020), art. No. 125006.

[[40]] Meng QY, Feng QM, Ou LM. Flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of fine wolframite with octyl hydroxamic acid. J. Cent. South Univ., 2016, 23(6): 1339,

[[41]] Güler G, Gärtner RM, Ziegler C, Mäntele W. Lipid-protein interactions in the regulated betaine symporter BetP probed by infrared spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem., 2016, 291(9): 4295,

[[42]] Harbeck C, Faurie R, Scheper T. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy in the sugar industry for the detection of betaine. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2004, 501(2): 249,

[[43]] H. Kumar, J. Kaur, and P. Awasthi, Scrutinizing the micellization behaviour of 14-2-14 gemini surfactant and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous solutions of betaine hydrochloride drug, J. Mol. Liq., 338(2021), art. No. 116642.

[[44]] Zhang CH, Hu YH, Sun W, Zhai JH, Yin ZG, Guan QJ. Effect of phytic acid on the surface properties of scheelite and fluorite for their selective flotation. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2019, 573: 80,

[[45]] Yan WP, Liu C, Ai GH, Feng QM, Zhang WC. Flotation separation of scheelite from calcite using mixed collectors. Int. J. Miner. Process., 2017, 169: 106,

[[46]] C. Wang, S. Ren, W. Sun, et al., Selective flotation of scheelite from calcite using a novel self-assembled collector, Miner. Eng., 171(2021), art. No. 107120.

[[47]] Z.Y. Gao, Z.Y. Jiang, W. Sun, et al., New role of the conventional foamer sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate as a selective collector for the separation of calcium minerals, J. Mol. Liq., 318(2020), art. No. 114031.

[[48]] Jiao F, Dong LY, Qin WQ, Liu W, Hu CQ. Flotation separation of scheelite from calcite using pectin as depressant. Miner. Eng., 2019, 136: 120,

[[49]] Q. Wei, L.Y. Dong, F. Jiao, and W.Q. Qin, Selective flotation separation of fluorite from calcite by using sesbania gum as depressant, Miner. Eng., 174(2021), art. No. 107239.

[[50]] Burlatsky SF, Atrazhev VV, Dmitriev DV, et al.. Surface tension model for surfactant solutions at the critical micelle concentration. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2013, 393: 151,

[[51]] Lin Q, Liu KH, Cui ZG, Pei XM, Jiang JZ, Song BL. pH-Responsive Pickering foams stabilized by silica nanoparticles in combination with trace amount of dodecyl dimethyl carboxyl betaine. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2018, 544: 44,

[[52]] Atrafi A, Gomez CO, Finch JA, Pawlik M. Frothing behavior of aqueous solutions of oleic acid. Miner. Eng., 2012, 36–38: 138,

[[53]] Da C, Alzobaidi S, Jian GQ, et al.. Carbon dioxide/water foams stabilized with a zwitterionic surfactant at temperatures up to 150°C in high salinity brine. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 2018, 166: 880,