Background: Advocacy for children is an essential part of pediatric medical practice. The rights of children receiving medical care should be protected while accommodating each individual’s attributes. The current study aimed to identify the policies and practices on medical care and children’s rights based on a survey conducted at 907 hospitals and clinics in 2016 by the Kanto Bar Association.
Methods: The survey results were analyzed with the approval of the Kanto Bar Association. This research focused on the rights of children receiving medical care to make their own decisions and psychosocial factors involved in medical practice.
Results: Explanation was actively provided to children receiving medical care. Moreover, support was found to be important in providing children with easy-to-understand explanations, assuring that consent was obtained from children, and assessing psychosocial factors affecting decision-making. Improving the physical and human environment can promote and enable the voluntary participation of children. That is, information about the right to voluntary participation among children should be disseminated, medical staffs must be educated, medical fees should be evaluated, and professionals must be trained.
Conclusions: This study recommends to protect the personal integrity and dignity of children receiving medical care by respecting them as individuals and ensuring their right to express opinion and self-determination.

Background: A wide range of evidence has shown that there is a crisis in the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) due to the nature of their work. Resilience has been recognized as an essential component in supporting mental health. No synthesized literature concretely defines the concept of resilience or outlines the factors that affect the resilience of HCWs in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC).
Aim: To explore the definition of resilience and to provide a synthesis of the factors that affect the resilience of HCWs in the GCC.
Method: Whittemore and Knafl’s framework guided this integrative review. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINHAL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), and Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) were searched systematically for peer-reviewed primary studies published between 2011 and 2022. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of nine articles were included. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the studies. The socio-ecological model was used for data extraction, analysis, and presentation of findings.
Results: The definition of resilience varies across the included studies. The factors that affect the resilience of HCWs fall within three main themes: intrapersonal factors (individual characteristics and internal influences), interpersonal factors (teamwork and camaraderie), and organizational factors (work setting, availability of resources, shift length, and leadership style).
Conclusions: The resilience of HCWs can be affected by multiple factors. As a result, the interventions targeting the improvement of resilience should be multi-dimensional. Organizational policies should be developed in a way that supports a culture that fosters the resilience of HCWs in the GCC.

Introduction: Hazaras have experienced prolonged and repetitive marginalisation, stigmatisation, persecution and conflict as a minority ethnic group in Afghanistan for their linguistic, religious and ideological differences. As a marginalised group they are a product of generally poor socioeconomic and health status with resultant ill effects. Hazaras make up the largest group of refugees who have resettled in Victoria, particularly Shepparton. Part of the reason for this is that the region supports the largest food-based manufacturing industries in the country and so there are good work opportunities for those that do not have recognisable skills with limited English.
Aim: To explore the health care issues and challenges of Hazara located in Shepparton, Australia.
Results: The literature review identified that the Hazara community have multiple physical and psychological health needs most likely a result of the trauma and torture when in Afghanistan, plus from the often, dangerous journey to Australia and then from what is usually prolonged periods in immigration detention centres. On top of this are the challenges that occur with their resettlement including language and cultural differences and low health literacy as well as lack of understanding of health services in Australia. All creating barriers to access.
Discussion: The recommendation is to outline the rationale and process for the development of Health Hub (HHH) for the Hazara community within Community Health @GV Health, the major community health centre in Shepparton, Victoria. Through fostering strong relationships between the Hazaras and their primary care team in consultation with the Hazara community will, therefore, ensure the outcomes are tailored to their individual needs and help improve their health outcome.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health issue. Literature has shown that primary care nurse-led cardiovascular disease clinics improve cardiac patient outcomes. These clinics improve the level of services provided, increase patient satisfaction, and decrease the mortality rate.
Aim: This literature review aims to identify the roles and responsibilities of nurses working in CVD nurse-led clinics and to identify the outcomes of these nurse-led clinics.
Method: Whittemore and Knafl’s framework guided this integrative review. Seventeen studies published between 2017 and 2022 were included in the review. The Mixed-Method Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.
Results: Three themes emerge in this literature review: roles and responsibilities of nurse-led CVD clinics, the impact of nurse-led CVD clinics, and the qualifications of nurses working in these clinics.
Conclusions: This integrative review identifies a framework for the roles and responsibilities of nurse-led CVD clinics and highlights the positive patient outcomes. This framework will help CVD nurse-led clinics to meet the needs of patients and achieve a high level of patient satisfaction.

Background: Falling is a big threat to community-dwelling older adults’ independence. The chance of falling increases as people become older, which increases morbidity and mortality. The outcomes related to falls impact families, communities, and healthcare systems. As a result, the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) seeks to decrease the number of falls for community-dwelling older adults in Qatar.
Aims: To explore the risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older adults. To inform the education of PHCC nurses so that they might begin to look at prevention strategies.
Method: Cronin et al.’s framework guided this integrative literature review. CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Embase, and PubMed databases were utilized to search for relevant articles. The search process returned 20 articles that met the inclusion requirements.
Results: Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors lead to falls in community-dwelling older adults. The intrinsic factors include socio-demographic factors, physical health factors, physiological factors, sensory factors, psychological factors, and social factors. Environmental factors were the sole extrinsic factor.
Conclusion: The findings of this literature review can be used to inform the creation of an educational program to improve home care nurses’ understanding of and attitudes toward the causes of falls in community-dwelling older adults. Through this program, nurses may begin to predict factors that lead to falls and, therefore, find strategies that help to reduce them.