By comparing some functionally equivalent routine formulas in Japanese and German in corresponding situations, it is hypothesized that different strategies are reflected in formulation patterns of routine formulas in both languages. For example, different expressions are used by parents in Japanese and German if their child bumps into a post. The two expressions are often used in corresponding situations in both Japan and Germany and can therefore be regarded as functionally equivalent, although the used strategies differ, i.e., the Japanese expression is based on sharing the dangerous situation between the parent and the child, whereas the German one focuses on providing an appropriate direction to the child. Comparing such functionally equivalent routine formulas suggests that they reflect different strategies, including politeness, in corresponding situations. This study tested this hypothesis by comparing functionally equivalent routine formulas uttered in corresponding apologetic situations in the socialization process of controlling children’s social behavior in Japan and Germany. The results confirm the hypothesis and suggest that the difference in strategy influences the communicative behaviors of Japanese and German speakers. Concerning politeness, the results reveal the aspects considered polite in corresponding routine formulas of the two languages. Furthermore, the communicative normality of each language is also reflected in its respective routine formulas and focus of attention in interactions. This information may be applied toward more efficient foreign language teaching.
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