Objective: To assess the current status of cardiovascular health behaviors and examine the influencing psychological and cognitive factors based on intertemporal decision-making and motivation theories among young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) during home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2025 to January 2026. A total of 210 young and middle-aged CHD patients undergoing HBCR were surveyed using a set of instruments, including the Cardiovascular Health Behaviors Questionnaire, the Delay Discounting Questionnaire, the Brief Self-Control Scale, the Anticipated Emotion Questionnaire, the Time Focus Scale, and the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems Scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent influencing factors. Results: The overall cardiovascular health behavior score was 49.43 ± 6.09, indicating a moderate-to-low level. Regression analysis revealed that behavioral activation system sensitivity ( β = 0.181), self-control ( β = 0.195), future time focus ( β = 0.175), negative anticipated emotions ( β = 0.148), and positive anticipated emotions ( β = 0.111) were positive predictors of health behaviors. In contrast, behavioral inhibition system sensitivity ( β = -0.206) and delay discounting ( β = -0.143) were negative predictors. These factors collectively explained 85.20% of the total variance in health behavior scores. Conclusion: The health behavior level among young and middle-aged CHD patients during HBCR requires improvement and is predominantly influenced by modifiable psychological and cognitive factors. Future interventions should aim to enhance approach motivation, self-regulatory capacity, and future orientation through targeted psychological and behavioral strategies to optimize HBCR outcomes.
Objective: To comprehensively analyze the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), clarify the association strength of emerging risk factors and gender differences, and provide evidence-based basis for the primary prevention of AMI. Methods: Following the PRISMA (Page et al., 2021) guidelines, In addition, hand searching of the reference lists of identified papers. An electronic search of CNKI, WanFang database, VIP, CBM, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases was performed from inception until June 2024. Results: One hundred and twenty-five studies were identified as suitable for inclusion in the analysis, of which 78 were case-control studies and 47 were cohort studies. In the meta-analysis results, 18 risk factors affecting the occurrence of AMI were identified, which are smoking, insufficient sleep time, or sleep time ≥ 9 h, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, family of coronary heart disease, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fibrinogen, uric acid, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, lipoprotein a, periodontal disease, depression, Helicobacter pylori infection, and migraine. Meanwhile, the analysis revealed gender differences in the effects of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, migraine, and AMI. Conclusion: The analysis showed a stronger association of these factors with AMI in women than in men. However, the reliability of this gender difference remains to be established. Intervening in these modifiable risk factors can significantly reduce the occurrence of AMI.
Background: Visual impairment has become a major public health issue worldwide. In China, the growing aging population and changing lifestyles have led to increasing demand for eye health management. Primary prevention is crucial for delaying or preventing visual impairment among older adults who are at risk but not yet affected. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intelligent health management platform in improving the health outcomes of elderly individuals at high risk of visual impairment. Methods: Ninety participants meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to an intelligent health management group or a natural follow-up group, with forty-five in each. The intervention group received comprehensive health management through the intelligent platform, while the control group received routine care. Outcomes were measured at baseline, one, three, and six months, including quality of life, physiological function, self-management, social function, disease burden, and risk of visual impairment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Significant improvements were observed in physiological and social domains, self-management, disease burden, and comprehensive scores in the intervention group compared with the control group. Quality of life also improved significantly, and after six months, the intervention group showed a lower risk of visual impairment. Conclusions: The intelligent health management program effectively enhanced physical and social function, improved self-management, reduced disease burden, and decreased the risk of visual impairment, thereby improving overall quality of life in high-risk elderly individuals.
Objective: This study aimed to explore whether self-efficacy can mediate the association of social support with physical and mental health in health-related quality of life among Type A aortic dissection patients post-surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 216 Type A aortic dissection patients who underwent surgery from June 2021 to May 2023. Data were collected using the Social Support Rating Scale, Self-efficacy for Chronic Disease 6-item Scale, and Short Form 36 Questionnaire. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy. Results: Self-efficacy partially mediated the association between support utilization and physical health (a*b=0.29, 95% bootstrap CI: [0.03, 0.70]) and mental health (a*b=0.36, 95% bootstrap CI: [0.06, 0.80]). The proportions of the mediating effect accounting for self-efficacy were 20.10% and 17.81% for physical health and mental health, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that self-efficacy could mediate the association between support utilization of social support and health-related quality of life. This suggests that self-efficacy appears to be an important target for intervention in improving the health-related quality of life of Type A aortic dissection patients after surgery.
Guided by Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis, this paper analyzes the definition, defining attributes, and model cases of psychosocial adaptation. Furthermore, it identifies the antecedents and consequences of the concept, lists relevant assessment methods, and examines its application across different population groups. The aim is to provide medical personnel with a comprehensive understanding of psychosocial adaptation, thereby facilitating the use of theoretical models to promote positive adaptation and improve the quality of care for patients with chronic diseases.
Purpose: To examine psychosocial adaptation and its associated factors among postoperative cervical cancer patients, and to assess the relationships between disease acceptance, marital adjustment, and psychosocial adaptation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling. From April to July 2024, 231 postoperative cervical cancer patients attending their first postoperative follow-up visit at gynecology oncology outpatient clinics were recruited. Data were collected using the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale - Self-Report (PAIS-SR), the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), and the Lock - Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (MAT). Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine associations and identify factors independently associated with psychosocial adaptation. Results: The mean PAIS-SR score was 47.29 ± 7.90. Psychosocial adaptation was negatively correlated with disease acceptance ( r = -0.510, P-value < 0.01) and marital adjustment ( r = −0.551, P-value < 0.01). Disease acceptance was positively correlated with marital adjustment ( r = 0.541, P-value < 0.01). In multiple linear regression, disease acceptance, marital adjustment, age, monthly family income, and disease stage were significant predictors of psychosocial adaptation, explaining 46.3% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.463). Conclusion: Postoperative cervical cancer patients reported a moderately low level of psychosocial adaptation. Higher disease acceptance and greater marital adjustment were associated with better psychosocial adaptation. Interventions that strengthen disease acceptance and couple-based support may help improve psychosocial adaptation during postoperative recovery.
Objective: To identify factors associated with frailty among elderly hospitalized patients and to evaluate the predictive performance of relevant indicators. Method: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 211 elderly inpatients from 2022 to 2024 at the Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Data were obtained from electronic medical records and routine admission nursing assessments. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to identify independent predictors and assess the predictive value for frailty. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 39.34%. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that fall risk and activity of daily living (ADL) were independent predictors associated with frailty ( P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) for fall risk and ADL were 0.854 and 0.895, respectively. Conclusions: Among the clinical assessment indicators used to predict frailty in elderly hospitalized patients, both fall risk and ADL are independent predictors, among which ADL shows the highest discriminative performance.
Aim: This study reveals the status quo of the intrinsic capacity of the rural elderly in Liaoning Province and its distribution in different demographic groups, and provides an empirical basis for the subsequent formulation of precise rural elderly health intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to investigate 980 rural elderly individuals aged 65 and above in Liaoning Province in 2025. The World Health Organization Integrated Care (ICOPE) guidelines were used to assess the five dimensions of the intrinsic capacity (locomotion, cognition, psychological, vitality, and sensory capacity), and sociodemographic information was collected. Chi-square tests revealed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of intrinsic capacity decline across all demographic subgroups examined. Results: Among the participants, 74.0% of the rural elderly had a decrease in intrinsic capacity. Declines in the locomotion dimension were observed in 67.7% of participants, and declines in the sensory dimension were observed in 22.3% of participants. The distribution of decline varied across demographic subgroups, which declines were observed among females, those with lower education levels, non-married individuals, and those living alone. Multiple dimensional declines were observed, with 34.1% of participants experiencing decline in two or more dimensions. Conclusions: The intrinsic capacity of the rural elderly generally decreased, with variations in distribution across demographic subgroups. The findings provide descriptive information that may inform the development of health services for rural older adults.