Late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian high-grade metamorphism from Mikir Hills (Assam-Meghalaya gneissic Complex, northeast India): Implications for eastern Gondwana assembly

Abstract

Mikir Hills region, which represents the eastern segment of the Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex (AMGC) in northeast India, constitutes part of the Eastern Gondwana. The Mikir Hills preserves multiple metamorphic and magmatic events ranging from Early Mesoproterozoic to Early Cambrian. Out of these events, documenting the late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian tectonothermal events is helpful in correlating the continental blocks of Eastern Gondwana. We present an integrated study involving field relations, petrology, P–T history and zircon-monazite geochronology of hitherto poorly studied pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses from the Mikir Hills region. These gneisses have experienced at least three deformation events (D₁, D₂ and D₃) with dominant foliation indicated by ENE–WSW striking and shallow-moderately dipping (<40°) S₂ gneissic foliation. The peak metamorphism in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses is characterized by garnet(core)–K-feldspar–sillimanite–plagioclase–biotite–rutile–quartz–ilmenite–melt and garnet–plagioclase–K-feldspar–biotite–quartz–ilmenite–melt assemblages, respectively. The application of thermobarometric methods constrains the peak P–T conditions of 7.5–8.4 kbar at 674–778 °C and 6.7–7.4 kbar at 601–618 °C for pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses, respectively. These results are consistent with the values estimated using phase equilibria modelling and melt reintegration approach. The results of pseudosection modelling suggests a clockwise  P–T  path for pelitic gneisses involving migmatisation during peak metamorphism followed by near isothermal decompression from 8.0 to 8.6 kbar at 768–780 °C to 4.0–5.0 kbar at 720–765 °C. In contrast, quartzo-feldspathic gneisses preserved slightly lower peak P–T conditions at 3.8–4.6 kbar and 590–650 °C. The U–Pb zircon dating of migmatised pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses yielded concordant ages of 1647 ± 11 Ma and 1590 ± 7 Ma, respectively. These dates represent the inherited igneous protolith components, possibly equivalent to the Mesoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism in the western AMGC. The rarely preserved cores of monazite in pelitic gneisses yielded an older population of 1058 ± 35 Ma, most likely representing a weak tectonic imprint associated with the amalgamation of India with Western Australia and East Antarctica in the Rodinia assembly. However, the majority of monazite grains in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses show high Th/U ratios with ages between 496 ± 7 Ma and 467 ± 16 Ma, indicating the timing of migmatisation that is contemporary with voluminous ∼ 500 Ma granite magmatism in and around the Mikir Hills. The similarities in  P–T–t  histories estimated in this study (eastern AMGC) and those obtained from the Sonapahar-Umpretha region (central AMGC) confirm that these domains experienced common tectonometamorphic history during Pan-African orogeny. The dominance of Late Neoproterozoic migmatisation and magmatism in the Mikir Hills region indicate that the eastern AMGC represent an active convergent margin with Western Australia and East Antarctica and evolved as a hot orogen during the assembly of Western and Eastern Gondwana continental fragments.

Keywords

Gondwana / Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex / Migmatisation / Neoproterozoic / Geochronology / P–T–t history

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Rahul Nag: Conceptualization, Validation, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Visualization. H. Hrushikesh: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – Review & Editing. Nathan Cogné: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – Review & Editing. N. Prabhakar: Resources, Writing – Review & Editing, Supervision, Project administration.

Acknowledgements

This manuscript is a part of the doctoral research work of Rahul Nag at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. Rahul’s research work is supported by the Prime Minister’s Research Fellows (PMRF) scheme from the Ministry of Education, New Delhi, Government of India (PMRF ID: 1300753). Fieldwork and laboratory studies were financially supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB, Govt. of India) core research grant (CRG/2019/000812) to N. Prabhakar. Mineral and monazite analyses were performed using the SERB-funded EPMA National Facility at the Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay (IRPHA grant no. IR/S4/ESF-16/2009). Prabhakar acknowledges the core research grant (file no. CRG/2019/000812) for the financial support given for laboratory analysis. Javed M. Shaikh is thanked for his help with EPMA analysis. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments that helped improved this manuscript. The Authors also acknowledge editorial handling of Prof. M. Santosh and Vinod Samuel.

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