Received date: 17 Feb 2011
Accepted date: 11 Mar 2011
Published date: 01 Dec 2011
Copyright
The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins plays essential roles in the development of a wide variety of animal species and underlies multiple human birth defects and cancers. To ensure the proper range of signaling, the Hh proteins are modified with lipids, assembled into water-soluble multimers, and interact with multiple cell surface proteins. In the target cells, a largely conserved intracellular signal transduction pathway, from the cell surface receptor Patched to the Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) family of transcription factors, mediates the transcriptional responses from fruit flies to mammals. A significant divergence between vertebrates and insects is the vertebrate-specific requirement of cilia for Hh signal transduction and Gli protein activation. Finally, transcription-independent cellular responses to Hh have been described in certain developmental processes. With clinical trial underway to treat Hh-related diseases, more work is urgently needed to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Hh signaling in development and diseases.
Key words： Hedgehog; Shh; Ihh; Dhh; Cubitus interruptus (Ci); Gli1; Gli2; Gli3; Patched; Smoothened; Cilia; Drosophila; mouse; signaling; development; evolution
Xuan YE , Aimin LIU . Hedgehog signaling: mechanisms and evolution[J]. Frontiers in Biology, 2011 , 6(6) : 504 -521 . DOI: 10.1007/s11515-011-1146-2
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