Plant stem cells and their regulations in shoot apical meristems

Abstract

Stem cells in plants, established during embryogenesis, are located in the centers of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the root apical meristem (RAM). Stem cells in SAM have a capacity to renew themselves and to produce new organs and tissues indefinitely. Although fully differentiated organs such as leaves do not contain stem cells, cells in such organs do have the capacity to re-establish new stem cells, especially under the induction of phytohormones in vitro. Cytokinin and auxin are critical in creating position signals in the SAM to maintain the stem cell organizing center and to position the new organ primordia, respectively. This review addresses the distinct features of plant stem cells and focuses on how stem cell renewal and differentiation are regulated in SAMs.

Key words： plant; stem cell; shoot apical meristem; root apical meristem

Acknowledgements

The stem cell researches carried out in Liu and Hu’s laboratories are supported in part by funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2006CB910600 and 2007CB948200).

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