Protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens

Abstract

Many bacterial pathogens utilize specialized secretion systems to deliver virulence factors into the extracellular milieu. These exported effectors act to manipulate various processes of targeted cells in order to create a suitable niche for bacterial growth. Currently, seven different types of secretion system have been described, of which Type I – VI are mainly present in Gram-negative bacteria and the newly discovered Type VII system seems exclusive to Gram-positive species. This review summaries our current understanding on the architecture and transport mechanisms of each secretion apparatus. We also discuss recent studies revealing the roles that these secretion systems and their substrates play in microbial pathogenesis.

Keywords

bacterial pathogen / secretion system / virulence factors

References

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Acknowledgements

The contents of the paper are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of any institute or organization.

Li Xu and Yancheng Liu declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human and animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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