Differential regulation of cPLA₂ and iPLA₂ expression in the brain

Abstract

The phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) family members are critical regulators of membrane structure and lipid composition and have been implicated in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the published data describing regulation of cPLA₂ and iPLA₂ gene expression. Based on promoter sequence, cPLA₂ expression can be regulated by glucocorticoid and pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas transcription of iPLA₂ can be controlled in response to sterol level. RNA degradation in 3′ UTR and epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of cPLA₂ and iPLA₂ expression, respectively. MicroRNA target sequences lie within cPLA₂ and iPLA₂ mRNAs. Together, these findings indicate differential regulation of cPLA₂ and iPLA₂ expression. It is hoped that determination of diverse regulatory mechanisms of the PLA₂ family may open new doors for development of novel therapeutic compounds that modulate PLA₂ expression and function in the treatment of brain diseases.

Keywords

phospholipase A₂ / transcriptional regulation / single nucleotide polymorphism / miRNA

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Acknowledgments

The authors extend their appreciation to Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through the Visiting Professorship Program to WYO.

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg