ROS-mediated regulation of CXCR4 in cancer

Abstract

Oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen specie (ROS) play a role in cancer cells developing an advanced, phenotypic signature that associates with metastasis and progression. Increased ROS concentrations are involved in promoting cancer development and metastasis by inducing expression of oncogenes, suppressing activity of anti-survival molecules and by activating various cell survival and proliferation signaling pathways. Oxidative stress is higher in the epithelium of cancer patients than patients without the disease, and antioxidant trials are currently being explored as a therapeutic option. However, studies have shown that ROS increases expression of CXCR4 in cancer and immune cells. CXCR4 expression in tumors strongly correlates to metastasis and poor prognosis. Herein, we discuss an emerging relationship between ROS and CXCR4 in cancer cells.

Keywords

reactive oxygen species / CXCR4 / HIF1α / metastasis / PI3K/AKT / ERK1/2

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Acknowledgments

Limitations of space preclude extensive citation of literature; we apologize to those whose work is not mentioned herein. Research in this laboratory is supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health grants RCMI22622A (MAC), F31CA153908 (MAC), 2G12RR003062-22 (CVH) and 1P20MD002285 (CVH).

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg